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U0 History 215 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what house did Louis XIV belong to

A

House of Bourbon

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2
Q

when did Louis XIV reign

A

1643-1715

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3
Q

what were the nick names of Louis XIV

A

Louis Le Grand; le Roi-Soleil

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4
Q

what did Louis emphasize

A

great emphasis on image projection/performance through paintings/sculptures/etc

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5
Q

who were some of the painters of Louis

A

Charles Le Brun; Hyacinthe Rigaud

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6
Q

who built Palace of Versailles

A

built by Louis XIII, 1623

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7
Q

what was Palace of Versailles a symbol of

A

a magnificent symbol of power

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8
Q

who was Louis Le Vau

A

architect of Versailles

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9
Q

who designed the hall of mirrors

A

Charles Le Brun;

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10
Q

what was la Chambre du Roi

A

king’s bedchamber, in the centre was the kings bed

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11
Q

why was la Chambre du Roi important

A

it was key how to king wielded power through the politics of display

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12
Q

when did Louis come to power

A

age of 4

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13
Q

what was Versailles

A

a hunting lodge

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14
Q

who was regency during the early years of Louis’ reign

A

regency of Anne of Austria; chief minister Cardinal Mazarin

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15
Q

what was going on during Louis’ childhood years

A

end of Thirty Years War; Peace of Westphalia, 1648; war with Spain, 1635-59; the Fronde, 1648-53; Louis’ personal rule began 1661

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16
Q

what is important about the Fronde, 1648-53

A

the civil war (la frond) was a failed rebellion, this resulted in emergence of absolute monarchy

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17
Q

why did there have to be others reigning as louis was so young

A

these wars were expensive and required an army led by strong leaders… but this was al at the time that louis was a child on reign

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18
Q

what were the king’s rituals

A

Ritual of king’s levée and couchée at Versailles

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19
Q

what did the levée and couchée symbolize

A

confirmation of his authority over his nobles

prevented nobles from trying to rise to power and attempt to overthrow him

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20
Q

what was the levee

A

all people in place would get up at dawn and prepare for the king’s levee (rising)
rose in the presence of a select group of wealthy noble men, they wanted to be there as they would get favour of the king

people wanted to help him get dressed and would eventually ask for favours

people would buy tickets to watch him and his morning routine

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21
Q

what was the couchée

A

bedtime routine

all these helped enforce the image of louis as the Sun King… he rising and setting of him promoted this

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22
Q

when was the age of absolutism

A

1660-1789

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23
Q

what is absolutism

A

notion of absolute sovereignty over a territory, subordinating/eliminating alternative sources of power

could do absolutely anything without the approval of anyone (church, parliament, etc)

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24
Q

what ended absolutism

A

crashing down with the onset of the french revolution

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25
Q

what did Bishop Jacques- Benigne Bossuet say about absolute rulers

A

absolute ruler should use power for public good; make good use of states resources, protect states from danger, rage war justly…. He was NOT above the law
Louis understood this; just as they honour us, we must protect and honour them

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26
Q

who was Bishop Jacques- Benigne Bossuet

A

one of the most famous apologists for absolutism

27
Q

what were Louis’ absolutist measures

A 
Reliance on “new” men
Reining in of outer provinces
Imposition of religious uniformity
Mercantilist measures of Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Colonies and wars
28
Q

what was meant by Reliance on “new” men

A

(upper bourgeois or noblesse de robe rather than noblesse de l’épée) as, e.g., intendants to administer the 36 generalités; centralization of power

29
Q

how were the new men appointed

A

appointed and dismissed by him

this was his was of undercutting the nobility and maintaining absolute power

30
Q

what are the noblesse de l’épée

A

the old elite

31
Q

what are (36) generalités

A

how france was divided

32
Q

what is meant by Reining in of outer provinces

A

(e.g. Brittany, Languedoc, Franche-Comté) and regional parlements; Estates General didn’t meet between 1614 and 1789.

33
Q

what was the Estates General

A

he didn’t allow for it to happen

they were the national representatives (the people)

34
Q

what is Imposition of religious uniformity

A

persecution of Quietists, Jansensists (Bishop Cornelius Jansen) and Huguenots (revocation of the Edict of Nantes of 1598 in 1685)

35
Q

what is un roi, une loi, une foi

A

one king, one law, one faith

36
Q

what are Huguenots

A

French protestant of the time

37
Q

what was Edict of Nantes of 1598 in 1685

A

the rise of these people had been protected by the Edict

38
Q

what were the Mercantilist measures of Jean-Baptiste Colbert

A

road/waterways improvements; tariffs; investment in industry (e.g. Gobelins tapestries); reduction of tax farming; sale of venal offices

39
Q

what is Mercantilist

A

governmental regulation of nations economy to increase state power at the expense of rival nations

40
Q

who was Jean-Baptiste Colbert

A

finance minister 1664-83

41
Q

what was tax farming

A

process that allowed tax colectives to keep hearty amount of the tax they collected

this didn’t last long

42
Q

what was sale of venal offices

A

offices of judgeships and such…. all in a way to boost state revenue

short term fix, but in the long run is undermined site beaurocricy

43
Q

what was Colonies and wars

A

massive expense on war and colonies led to high indebtedness

nothing could counteract the masses amount of expensive

44
Q

what were the wars fought under Louis Xiv

A

Franco-Dutch War (1665-71)
War of the League of Augsburg
War of Spanish Succession

45
Q

what was the Franco-Dutch War (1665-71)

A

first major war with Spain over a claim to today’s Belgium
6 years of fighting, france had gained only slithers of land, but his army had grown massively, but the cost of the people was so large

46
Q

what was bad about the Franco-Dutch War

A

army expanded to 280,000; tax revolts; resort to new loans

47
Q

what was the tax revolt

A

taxation of nobles didn’t really happen, but tax from the poor happened

he needed to borrow money, and ended up at the feet of bankers due to interest and loans

48
Q

what was War of the League of Augsburg

A

(Nine Years’ War) (1688-97): France against German states, Dutch Republic, England etc; army of 420,000

49
Q

what was the War of Spanish Succession

A

(1701-14): Archduke Charles of Austria (Habsburg) contending with Philip of Anjou (Bourbon) for Spanish throne; compromise gave Philip Spain, Charles territory in Italy and the Netherlands; massive cost and weakening of French state and economy; failure of absolutism

50
Q

when were there Varieties of governance

A

in 1714

51
Q

where were republics

A

in Switzerland, Venice, Poland-Lithuania, United Provinces

52
Q

where were autocracies

A

in Russia, Ottoman Empire, Papal States; constitutional monarchies in GB, Sweden

53
Q

where were absolutist monarchies

A

in France, Spain, Austria, Brandenburg-Prussia.

54
Q

what directly contrasted frances’ way of rule

A

Contrast of GB with France

55
Q

what was the Civil War of 1640s

A

execution of Charles I, 1649

same time as the Frond in France, between parliamentarians and civilians, ended with King dead

56
Q

how was britain run after the execution of the king

A

interregnum and rule of Oliver Cromwell

57
Q

what happened after the rule of Oliver Cromwell

A

restoration of Charles II, 1660

58
Q

where was Charles II during his exile

A

spent exile at court of Louis 14 and wanted to have the same as him, but was unable to implement the powers

59
Q

when was Glorious Revolution

A

1688-9

60
Q

what was the Glorious Revolution

A

(revolt by Protestant leaders and William of Orange against James II)

61
Q

what did the Glorious Revolution result in

A

william was on the thrown with his wife mary
William and Mary as constitutional monarchies, balanced by powerful parliament; Bill of Rights; modernized bureaucracy/tax collection by consent/cheap loans (“Treasury Orders”)–all eventually paved way for GB to eclipse France

62
Q

why did they want James II gone

A

a catholic, wanted a catholic dynasty

william of Orange colluded with key english protestants in engljand and threw James off

William gained the thrown

63
Q

what was in the Bill of Rights

A

which allowed for their people to vote freely and not to suffer cruel and unusual punishment, could petition their government

64
Q

what are Treasury Orders

A

guaranteed by parliament

people were reassured that loans to government were safe and could have low insert rates

U0 History 215 (9 decks)

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