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U0 History 215 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what house did Louis XIV belong to

A

House of Bourbon

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2
Q

when did Louis XIV reign

A

1643-1715

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3
Q

what were the nick names of Louis XIV

A

Louis Le Grand; le Roi-Soleil

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4
Q

what did Louis emphasize

A

great emphasis on image projection/performance through paintings/sculptures/etc

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5
Q

who were some of the painters of Louis

A

Charles Le Brun; Hyacinthe Rigaud

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6
Q

who built Palace of Versailles

A

built by Louis XIII, 1623

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7
Q

what was Palace of Versailles a symbol of

A

a magnificent symbol of power

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8
Q

who was Louis Le Vau

A

architect of Versailles

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9
Q

who designed the hall of mirrors

A

Charles Le Brun;

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10
Q

what was la Chambre du Roi

A

king’s bedchamber, in the centre was the kings bed

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11
Q

why was la Chambre du Roi important

A

it was key how to king wielded power through the politics of display

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12
Q

when did Louis come to power

A

age of 4

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13
Q

what was Versailles

A

a hunting lodge

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14
Q

who was regency during the early years of Louis’ reign

A

regency of Anne of Austria; chief minister Cardinal Mazarin

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15
Q

what was going on during Louis’ childhood years

A

end of Thirty Years War; Peace of Westphalia, 1648; war with Spain, 1635-59; the Fronde, 1648-53; Louis’ personal rule began 1661

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16
Q

what is important about the Fronde, 1648-53

A

the civil war (la frond) was a failed rebellion, this resulted in emergence of absolute monarchy

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17
Q

why did there have to be others reigning as louis was so young

A

these wars were expensive and required an army led by strong leaders… but this was al at the time that louis was a child on reign

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18
Q

what were the king’s rituals

A

Ritual of king’s levée and couchée at Versailles

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19
Q

what did the levée and couchée symbolize

A

confirmation of his authority over his nobles

prevented nobles from trying to rise to power and attempt to overthrow him

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20
Q

what was the levee

A

all people in place would get up at dawn and prepare for the king’s levee (rising)
rose in the presence of a select group of wealthy noble men, they wanted to be there as they would get favour of the king

people wanted to help him get dressed and would eventually ask for favours

people would buy tickets to watch him and his morning routine

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21
Q

what was the couchée

A

bedtime routine

all these helped enforce the image of louis as the Sun King… he rising and setting of him promoted this

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22
Q

when was the age of absolutism

A

1660-1789

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23
Q

what is absolutism

A

notion of absolute sovereignty over a territory, subordinating/eliminating alternative sources of power

could do absolutely anything without the approval of anyone (church, parliament, etc)

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24
Q

what ended absolutism

A

crashing down with the onset of the french revolution

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25
what did Bishop Jacques- Benigne Bossuet say about absolute rulers
absolute ruler should use power for public good; make good use of states resources, protect states from danger, rage war justly…. He was NOT above the law Louis understood this; just as they honour us, we must protect and honour them
26
who was Bishop Jacques- Benigne Bossuet
one of the most famous apologists for absolutism
27
what were Louis’ absolutist measures
``` Reliance on “new” men Reining in of outer provinces Imposition of religious uniformity Mercantilist measures of Jean-Baptiste Colbert Colonies and wars ```
28
what was meant by Reliance on “new” men
(upper bourgeois or noblesse de robe rather than noblesse de l’épée) as, e.g., intendants to administer the 36 generalités; centralization of power
29
how were the new men appointed
appointed and dismissed by him | this was his was of undercutting the nobility and maintaining absolute power
30
what are the noblesse de l’épée
the old elite
31
what are (36) generalités
how france was divided
32
what is meant by Reining in of outer provinces
(e.g. Brittany, Languedoc, Franche-Comté) and regional parlements; Estates General didn’t meet between 1614 and 1789.
33
what was the Estates General
he didn’t allow for it to happen | they were the national representatives (the people)
34
what is Imposition of religious uniformity
persecution of Quietists, Jansensists (Bishop Cornelius Jansen) and Huguenots (revocation of the Edict of Nantes of 1598 in 1685)
35
what is un roi, une loi, une foi
one king, one law, one faith
36
what are Huguenots
French protestant of the time
37
what was Edict of Nantes of 1598 in 1685
the rise of these people had been protected by the Edict
38
what were the Mercantilist measures of Jean-Baptiste Colbert
road/waterways improvements; tariffs; investment in industry (e.g. Gobelins tapestries); reduction of tax farming; sale of venal offices
39
what is Mercantilist
governmental regulation of nations economy to increase state power at the expense of rival nations
40
who was Jean-Baptiste Colbert
finance minister 1664-83
41
what was tax farming
process that allowed tax colectives to keep hearty amount of the tax they collected this didn’t last long
42
what was sale of venal offices
offices of judgeships and such…. all in a way to boost state revenue short term fix, but in the long run is undermined site beaurocricy
43
what was Colonies and wars
massive expense on war and colonies led to high indebtedness nothing could counteract the masses amount of expensive
44
what were the wars fought under Louis Xiv
Franco-Dutch War (1665-71) War of the League of Augsburg War of Spanish Succession
45
what was the Franco-Dutch War (1665-71)
first major war with Spain over a claim to today’s Belgium 6 years of fighting, france had gained only slithers of land, but his army had grown massively, but the cost of the people was so large
46
what was bad about the Franco-Dutch War
army expanded to 280,000; tax revolts; resort to new loans
47
what was the tax revolt
taxation of nobles didn’t really happen, but tax from the poor happened he needed to borrow money, and ended up at the feet of bankers due to interest and loans
48
what was War of the League of Augsburg
(Nine Years’ War) (1688-97): France against German states, Dutch Republic, England etc; army of 420,000
49
what was the War of Spanish Succession
(1701-14): Archduke Charles of Austria (Habsburg) contending with Philip of Anjou (Bourbon) for Spanish throne; compromise gave Philip Spain, Charles territory in Italy and the Netherlands; massive cost and weakening of French state and economy; failure of absolutism
50
when were there Varieties of governance
in 1714
51
where were republics
in Switzerland, Venice, Poland-Lithuania, United Provinces
52
where were autocracies
in Russia, Ottoman Empire, Papal States; constitutional monarchies in GB, Sweden
53
where were absolutist monarchies
in France, Spain, Austria, Brandenburg-Prussia.
54
what directly contrasted frances' way of rule
Contrast of GB with France
55
what was the Civil War of 1640s
execution of Charles I, 1649 | same time as the Frond in France, between parliamentarians and civilians, ended with King dead
56
how was britain run after the execution of the king
interregnum and rule of Oliver Cromwell
57
what happened after the rule of Oliver Cromwell
restoration of Charles II, 1660
58
where was Charles II during his exile
spent exile at court of Louis 14 and wanted to have the same as him, but was unable to implement the powers
59
when was Glorious Revolution
1688-9
60
what was the Glorious Revolution
(revolt by Protestant leaders and William of Orange against James II)
61
what did the Glorious Revolution result in
william was on the thrown with his wife mary William and Mary as constitutional monarchies, balanced by powerful parliament; Bill of Rights; modernized bureaucracy/tax collection by consent/cheap loans (“Treasury Orders”)--all eventually paved way for GB to eclipse France
62
why did they want James II gone
a catholic, wanted a catholic dynasty william of Orange colluded with key english protestants in engljand and threw James off William gained the thrown
63
what was in the Bill of Rights
which allowed for their people to vote freely and not to suffer cruel and unusual punishment, could petition their government
64
what are Treasury Orders
guaranteed by parliament people were reassured that loans to government were safe and could have low insert rates

U0 History 215 (9 decks)

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