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U0 History 215 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

who was Olaudah Equiano

A

he was a captain of a ship— was kidnapped and forced into slavery where he ended up in british colony of virginia… freed latter in life.

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2
Q

when did Olaudah Equiano live

A

1745-97

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3
Q

what did Olaudah Equiano write

A

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano (1789)

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4
Q

why is The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano so important

A

an autobiography, and this became a classic to tell about the slavery

he describes the horrid and appalling conditions and situation

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5
Q

how many people in the Atlantic slave trade

A

11M Africans in total; 6M in C18th; 35% to GB/French Caribbean plantations, 5% to N. America, rest to Portuguese Brazil/Spanish colonies

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6
Q

who did a lot of triangular trade

A

Brazil/Spanish colonies

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7
Q

what is triangular trade

A

the british variant (their slave trade)
this could include a ship transporting rum to one place to trade it for slaves
the slaves traded for molasses to another place, where the molasses would be made to rum
it was a triangular transportation
see the powerpoint for visual example

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8
Q

what were the different colonial empires

A 
portuguese
spanish
dutch
french
english/british
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9
Q

when did Colonial Empires happen

A

C16th-C18th aka the start of capitalist era

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10
Q

what is the capitalist era

A

associated with the economic component of mercantilism (the governmental regulation of a nations economy to increase state power at the expense of rival national powers; believed that the world’s wealth was finite and the states believed that the accumulation of national wealth could only be at the expense of other nations. This meant high tarrifs of foreign goods, favoured colonial products, etc Because of this, mercantilist policies had to rival and way.

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11
Q

what is capitalism

A

Capitalism; defined as economic and political system where it is controlled by private owners rather than the state. This included competitive markets, wage labour, a system of prices, etc

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12
Q

was mercantilism and capitalism at odds

A

nope, it might seem that this and mercantilism was at odds, but they were actually together. They complimented eachother. Listen to lecture to see why.

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13
Q

what is mercantilism

A

trade promotes wealth

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14
Q

when did the Portuguese start their empire

A

C15th

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15
Q

how did the Portuguese start their empire

A

search for sea route for spice trade from East

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16
Q

who was a key figure in the Portuguese empire and why

A

Vasco da Gama–connected the atlantic and indian oceans in 1498

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17
Q

who was Pedro Álvares Cabral

A

(portuguese) crossed south atlantic and landed in brazil reached Brazil in 1500

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18
Q

where did the portuguese have trading posts

A

establishment of trading (slaves, and spices) posts around Africa and Asia;

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19
Q

where did the portuguese have sugar plantations

A

sugar plantations in Madeira, Azores, Brazil (mainly)

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20
Q

while the portuguese traded what else happened

A

also traded slaves,

while this happened, they brough christianity to africa and brazil as well

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21
Q

why did the portugal empire end

A

portugal empire was really too small and weak to hold its ground against the french and english

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22
Q

who is a key player in the spanish empire

A

Christopher Columbus

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23
Q

what is important about Christopher Columbus (C. C.)

A

backed by the crown
wanted to discover a short route to china

landed in cuba and thought it was japan

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24
Q

when did CC end up in Cuba

A

1492

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25
Q

what is the Columbian Exchange

A

small pox, plague, influenza, measles, etc
to populations that has 0 immunity to them

this is called an unintentional genocide; but this made it easy for the spanish to concur the great Aztec, Myana and Inca societies

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26
Q

how much of an impact did the Columbian Exchange have

A

killed 80-95% of native population of c.50M; conquest of Aztec, Mayan and Inca empires by conquistadores

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27
Q

who were Hernando Cortés and Francisco Pizarro

A

spanish conquistadores

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28
Q

where did the spanish have colonial governments

A

Mexico and Peru

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29
Q

(financial) problems for Spain’s absolutist monarchs exacerbated by what

A

inflation from importation of silver

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30
Q

how did silver become a massive problem for the spanish empire

A

they thought they could use silver to get out of debt problems
but the problems (2) were that the silver was used for trading for spices and such as well as to pay for wars
the influx of silver lead to a Europe-wide price inflation of silver

this lead to their downfall and they didn’t last

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31
Q

what is a key player in the Dutch empire

A

Dutch East India Company

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32
Q

what is VOC–Vereeningde Oostindische Compagnie

A

shareholder and managed by providers

positives of this is that if it didn’t succeed, the loses were limited to only the portion that the stakeholder held
this was very appealing to the people as it was a good investment “low risk”

the allowed for them to build the ship mentioned below

33
Q

when was the DEIC founded

A

1602

34
Q

what did DEIC do

A

built a fleet and fortified trading bases

35
Q

where was the main hub of DEIC

A

Batavia

36
Q

what did the DEIC do a lot of trading of

A

monopoly of trade in pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, cloves;

37
Q

by early C18th, what did the DEIC have in terms of people

A

10,000 soldiers and 50,000 civil servants

38
Q

where did the Dutch find success

A

Dutch less successful in West–except for Suriname and Netherlands Antilles; New Netherlands/New Amsterdam (New York from 1664) and Brazilian adventure short-lived]

39
Q

when did New Amsterdam change to New York

A

1664

40
Q

after its collapse, where did the dutch retain some of its power

A

retained some places; netherlands and tilles in carrabean as well as one other place

41
Q

where were the french empires

A

North America
Caribbean
India

42
Q

when did the french found of Port Royal, Acadia,

A

1605

43
Q

who founded Quebec (french person)

A

Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec

44
Q

when was Quebec founded

A

1608

45
Q

what did the french do in north america

A

trading of furs, fish and tabbacco with First Nations and preaching of Christianity; expansion down St Lawrence and Mississippi to Louisiana

46
Q

what and where was the Compagnie des Îles de lAmérique

A

french

lucrative slave-worked sugar plantations in Caribbean (Martinique, Guadeloupe, St-Domingue).

47
Q

when was the French East India Company founded

A

1642

48
Q

territorial expansion from Pondicherry under who

A

Joseph-François Dupleix from 1742

49
Q

French East India Company, 1642–founded trading posts where

A

in India/Asia

50
Q

what is important about Joseph-François Dupleix and the year of 1742

A

was purely commercial until this year;
at this time, this guy started to colonize the laces in india which resulted in conflict with the british as they were trying to do that same

51
Q

English East India Company founded when

A

1600

52
Q

English East India Company did what

A

trade from “factories” (trading posts) in silk, tea, cotton textiles with Mughal Empire

53
Q

how did the english empire operate

A

operated in same way as dutch— through private enterprise

54
Q

what was the english known for

A

developed strong army and navy

55
Q

what is significant of the english victory of Robert Clive Battle of Plassey, 1757

A

victory of Robert Clive Battle of Plassey, 1757, against Nawab of Bengal and French

56
Q

what was encompassed in the First British Empire

A

India, Caribbean islands (Barbados, Jamaica, the Bahamas)

57
Q

english sugar plantations supplied with slaves by who

A

sugar plantations supplied with slaves by Royal African Company from 1672

58
Q

how many colonies did the brits have

A

the 13 colonies in N. America, starting with Jamestown settlement (Chesapeake) in 1607 and Pilgrim Fathers in Plymouth (Massachusetts) in 1620; and Hudson’s Bay Company (founded 1670) in Rupert’s Land

59
Q

what was the brit’s first settelment

A

Jamestown settlement (Chesapeake) in 1607

60
Q

when was the Hudson’s Bay Company (founded

A

1670

61
Q

what were the land empires

A

ottoman

russian

62
Q

what did the ottoman owe much of its success to

A

owed much of success to 4 things; (they were muslim btw)
the sultan didn’t marry which avoided succession wars
prevented the emergence of european style nobility
built up long-standing army
in spite of having far more central power than the christian monarchies, they allowed for christianity to thrive and didn’t not restrict it which would have led to the christian risings that happened in europe

63
Q

where was the ottoman empire founded and when

A

Founded in C13th in Anatolia

64
Q

what did the ottoman conquer

A

conquered Constantinople in 1453

65
Q

where did the ottoman empire expand to

A

expanded in C16th/C17th into SE/Central Europe, N. and E. Africa, Caucasus, W. Asia

66
Q

Sultan Mehmed IV beaten back from gates of Vienna by who and when (ottoman empire)

A

Sultan Mehmed IV beaten back from gates of Vienna by Jan III Sobieski in 1683

67
Q

what was one of the key successful techniques of the ottoman

A

Successful technique of govt. using high-privileged slaves (Janissaries), and tolerance to Christians and Jews

68
Q

The Rus’ expanded from Moscow region when

A

in C15th

69
Q

Romanov dynasty started when

A

from 1613

70
Q

where did the Romanov dynasty expand to

A

expanded across Siberia

71
Q

why was the Romanov dynasty successful

A

much autonomy to subject peoples
muslims weren’t forced to become christians, didn’t need to speak russian, allowed for them to remain different and this helped them remain in power

72
Q

when did Peter the Great live

A

1672- 1725

73
Q

why did Peter the Great (1672- 1725) turn West and fight Swedes

A

because he wanted access to the Baltic sea

74
Q

where did Peter the Great established St Petersburg

A

on Baltic

75
Q

Peter the Great’s autocratic rule reined in the what

A

nobility (aka boyars) (required to relinquish any form of assembly that might rise against him)

76
Q

the Russian Orthodox Church and strictly controlled what

A

the serfs

77
Q

what are serfs

A

unfree labourers who could not leave where they worked, and their income and resources were kept very low

78
Q

the Russian Orthodox Church became what

A

became an extension of the authority of the state

79
Q

did the russian empire last long

A

this didn’t last for forever, but it lasted long (until 1917)
so while it wasn’t successful it was effective

U0 History 215 (9 decks)

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