Lecture 5-6 Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
Name all the Cranial Bones (6)
- the Frontal bone
- the Parietal bones (2)
- the Temporal bones (2)
- the Occipital bone
- the Sphenoid one
- the Ethmoid bone
The left and right sides of the frontal bones are fused by the ____ suture, which is gone by 6 years old.
Metopic Suture
The superior rim of the eye socket located on the frontal bone.
The Supraorbital Margin
Which bone forms the inferior lateral part of the cranium + part of the cranial floor>
Temporal Bone
Name the projection of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygoma
Zygomatic Process
External Auditory Meatus is more commonly known as..
the Ear Canal / Ear hole
Inflammation of the mastoid bone is called..
Mastoiditis
The mastoid portion contain what kind of cells?
Mastoid air cells
What houses inner and middle ear and structures (in the temporal bone)?
The Pterous Process
The small hole in the skull floor where the jugular vein passes through is called what?
The Jugular Foramen
What bone forms the posterior and most of the base of the cranium?
The Occipital Bone
What is the little bump on the centre of the lower back of the cranium known as?
The External Occipital Protuberance
All of the cranial bones touch and articulate with which bone?
The Sphenoid Bone
Which cranial bone acts as an attachment site for the jaw?
The Pterygoid Process
What is known as the “Keystone” of cranial bones?
The Sphenoid Bone
What forms the superior part of the nasal septum?
Perpendicular Plate
How many Facial Bones are there?
14
Cleft Palate, or Cleft Lip can form between __ to __ weeks into embryonic development
10-12
Each Ramus of the Mandible is made up of what 2 bones?
- Coronoid Process
- Condylar Process
The gum ridges of the mandible is known as what?
The Alveolar Processes
The sockets where the teeth fit is called what?
The Alveoli
The two tiny holes at the bottom of the Mandible is called what?
Mental Foramen
What are the 3 components of the Nasal Septum?
- Vomer
- Septal Cartilage
- Perpendicular Plate of Ethmoid Bone
What type of cartilage is Septal Cartilage?
Hyaline Cartilage
What 3 features are unique to the skull?
- Sutures
- Paranasal Sinuses
- Fontanels
What are the bones/markings called that allows cranial bones to fit together like puzzle pieces?
Sutures
Name all the sutures of the skull.
- Coronal Suture
- Lamboid Suture
- Sagittal Suture
- Squamous suture
Which bone does not articulate with any other bones?
The Hyoid Bone
The Vertebral Column consists of what? (2)
- Bones
- Connective Tissue
What are the 4 functions of the Vertebral Column?
- Head Support
- Flexibility
- Spinal Cord Protection
- Attachment for Muscles and Connective Tissue
What are the 5 Vertebral Regions (including the 2 fused regions)?
- Cervical Vertebrae
- Thoracic Vertebrae
- Lumbar Vertebrae
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
What are the 2 primary curves of the vertebrae?
-curve facing posterior
1. Thoracic curve
2. Sacral curve
What are the 2 secondary curves of the vertebrae?
-cure facing anterior
1. Cervical curve
2. Lumbar curve
Which type of vertebral curve can also be found consistent with embryos?
Primary Curves (thoracic and sacral)
What are the 3 main functions of Intervertebral Discs?
- Shock Absorption
- Allows certain Movements
- Strong Joint Formation
What is the Nucleus Polposus?
Elastic inner core of the vertebral disc
What is the Annulus Fibrosus?
Composed of fibrocartilage, it is the outer portion of the intervertebral disc.
What is the function of the Vertebral Arch?
Protects the Spinal Cord
The roof of the Vertebral Arch is called what?
Lamina(e)
Compared to the Cervical Vertebrae, Thoracic Vertebrae are much ___ in size
Smaller
Compared to the Cervical Vertebrae, Thoracic Vertebrae have Spinous Processes that are..
Bifid, have 2 heads
Compared to the Cervical Vertebrae, Thoracic Vertebrae Transverse Foramen differ in what way?
There are 2 of them in TV as opposed to the 1 present in CV
What is the first cervical vertebra?
Atlas (C1)
What is the second Cervical Vertebra?
Axis (C2)
The articulation between the atlas and the cranium is known as..
Atlanto-Occipital Joint
The articulation between the atlas and axis is known as…
Atlanto-Axial Joint
The Spinous processes of the Thoracic Vertebrae and directed (pointed) in which direction?
Downward/ Inferiorly
The spinous processes of which kind of vertebrae is known to be “long and laterally flattened”?
Thoracic Vertebrae
Which of the unfused Vertebrae are the largest and strongest?
The Lumbar Vertebrae
Which of the 3 kinds of vertabrae have Spinous Processes that are short and blunt?
The Lumbar Vertebrae
Which of the 3 kinds of vertebrae have articular facets for ribs?
The Thoracic Vertebrae
Which of the 3 kinds of vertebrae have Transverse Foramina?
The Cervical Vertebrae (have 2 of them)
The sacrum is composed of how many Fused Vertebra?
5
The Sacral Canal ends at what structure?
Sacral Hiatus
What are the holes on either side of the Sacrum known as what?
Posterior and Anterior Sacral Foramen
The area of the sacrum that articulates with the Coccyx is known as what?
The Apex of Sacrum
What is the area in which the Sacrum articulates with the Pelvis Ilium called?
The Auricular Surface of the Sacrum
What is the rough area on the superior lateral portion of the posterior Sacrum called?
The Sacral Tuberosity
The joint between the Sacrum and the Iliac is known as what?
The Sacroiliac JointWh
An Epidural Block is injected into the verves of what 2 vertebral structures?
Sacral & Coccygeal (nerves)
The tail remnants of the Vertebral Column is known as what?
The Coccyx
The Breastbone is known as what?
The Sternum
Ribs 1-7 are what kind of ribs?
True Ribs
Ribs 8-12 are what kind of ribs?
False Ribs
Ribs 11 & 12 are what kind of ribs?
Floating Ribs
What is the difference between a true rib and a flase rib?
True Ribs connect directly to the sternum whereas False Ribs connect to the sternum Indirectly
Which kind of ribs don’t connect to the sternum at all?
Floating Ribs
True ribs are also known as what?
Vertebrosternal Ribs
False ribs are also known as what?
Vertebrochondral Ribs
The superior, wider area of the Sternum is know as what?
The Manubrium
The Manubrium allows for connections of what 3 structures (on each side)?
- 1st Rib
- 2nd Rib
- Clavicle
The are in which the clavicle attaches to the Manubrium is known as what?
Clavicular Notch
The small pointy inferior portion of the sternum is known as what?
The Xiphoid Process
The area of the Thoracic Vertebrae in which the head of the rib bone connects to…
Vertebral Body; Superior Costal Facet
The area of the Thoracic Vertebrae in which the Tubercle of the rib bone connects to…
Transverse Process; Transverse Costal Facet
The joint in which the head of the rib bone connects to the thoracic vertebra, is known as..
Costo-vertebral Joint
The joint in which the Tubercle of the rib bone connects to the thoracic vertebra, is known as..
Costo-Transverse Joint
Lateral bending of the Vertebral Column is a disorder known as..
Scoliosis
An exaggerated Thoracic Curve is a disorder known as..
Kyphosis
An exaggerated Lumbar Curve is a disorder known as..
Lordosis
A herniated or slipped disc is most common in which vertebral region?
Lumbar Region
