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Human Anatomy > Lecture 5-6 > Flashcards

Lecture 5-6 Flashcards

Axial Skeleton

1
Q

Name all the Cranial Bones (6)

A
  1. the Frontal bone
  2. the Parietal bones (2)
  3. the Temporal bones (2)
  4. the Occipital bone
  5. the Sphenoid one
  6. the Ethmoid bone
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2
Q

The left and right sides of the frontal bones are fused by the ____ suture, which is gone by 6 years old.

A

Metopic Suture

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3
Q

The superior rim of the eye socket located on the frontal bone.

A

The Supraorbital Margin

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4
Q

Which bone forms the inferior lateral part of the cranium + part of the cranial floor>

A

Temporal Bone

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5
Q

Name the projection of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygoma

A

Zygomatic Process

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6
Q

External Auditory Meatus is more commonly known as..

A

the Ear Canal / Ear hole

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7
Q

Inflammation of the mastoid bone is called..

A

Mastoiditis

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8
Q

The mastoid portion contain what kind of cells?

A

Mastoid air cells

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9
Q

What houses inner and middle ear and structures (in the temporal bone)?

A

The Pterous Process

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10
Q

The small hole in the skull floor where the jugular vein passes through is called what?

A

The Jugular Foramen

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11
Q

What bone forms the posterior and most of the base of the cranium?

A

The Occipital Bone

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12
Q

What is the little bump on the centre of the lower back of the cranium known as?

A

The External Occipital Protuberance

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13
Q

All of the cranial bones touch and articulate with which bone?

A

The Sphenoid Bone

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14
Q

Which cranial bone acts as an attachment site for the jaw?

A

The Pterygoid Process

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15
Q

What is known as the “Keystone” of cranial bones?

A

The Sphenoid Bone

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16
Q

What forms the superior part of the nasal septum?

A

Perpendicular Plate

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17
Q

How many Facial Bones are there?

A

14

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18
Q

Cleft Palate, or Cleft Lip can form between __ to __ weeks into embryonic development

A

10-12

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19
Q

Each Ramus of the Mandible is made up of what 2 bones?

A
  1. Coronoid Process
  2. Condylar Process
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20
Q

The gum ridges of the mandible is known as what?

A

The Alveolar Processes

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21
Q

The sockets where the teeth fit is called what?

A

The Alveoli

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22
Q

The two tiny holes at the bottom of the Mandible is called what?

A

Mental Foramen

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23
Q

What are the 3 components of the Nasal Septum?

A
  1. Vomer
  2. Septal Cartilage
  3. Perpendicular Plate of Ethmoid Bone
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24
Q

What type of cartilage is Septal Cartilage?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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25
Q

What 3 features are unique to the skull?

A
  1. Sutures
  2. Paranasal Sinuses
  3. Fontanels
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26
Q

What are the bones/markings called that allows cranial bones to fit together like puzzle pieces?

A

Sutures

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27
Q

Name all the sutures of the skull.

A
  1. Coronal Suture
  2. Lamboid Suture
  3. Sagittal Suture
  4. Squamous suture
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28
Q

Which bone does not articulate with any other bones?

A

The Hyoid Bone

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29
Q

The Vertebral Column consists of what? (2)

A
  1. Bones
  2. Connective Tissue
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30
Q

What are the 4 functions of the Vertebral Column?

A
  1. Head Support
  2. Flexibility
  3. Spinal Cord Protection
  4. Attachment for Muscles and Connective Tissue
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31
Q

What are the 5 Vertebral Regions (including the 2 fused regions)?

A
  1. Cervical Vertebrae
  2. Thoracic Vertebrae
  3. Lumbar Vertebrae
  4. Sacrum
  5. Coccyx
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32
Q

What are the 2 primary curves of the vertebrae?

A

-curve facing posterior
1. Thoracic curve
2. Sacral curve

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33
Q

What are the 2 secondary curves of the vertebrae?

A

-cure facing anterior
1. Cervical curve
2. Lumbar curve

34
Q

Which type of vertebral curve can also be found consistent with embryos?

A

Primary Curves (thoracic and sacral)

35
Q

What are the 3 main functions of Intervertebral Discs?

A
  1. Shock Absorption
  2. Allows certain Movements
  3. Strong Joint Formation
36
Q

What is the Nucleus Polposus?

A

Elastic inner core of the vertebral disc

37
Q

What is the Annulus Fibrosus?

A

Composed of fibrocartilage, it is the outer portion of the intervertebral disc.

38
Q

What is the function of the Vertebral Arch?

A

Protects the Spinal Cord

39
Q

The roof of the Vertebral Arch is called what?

A

Lamina(e)

40
Q

Compared to the Cervical Vertebrae, Thoracic Vertebrae are much ___ in size

A

Smaller

41
Q

Compared to the Cervical Vertebrae, Thoracic Vertebrae have Spinous Processes that are..

A

Bifid, have 2 heads

42
Q

Compared to the Cervical Vertebrae, Thoracic Vertebrae Transverse Foramen differ in what way?

A

There are 2 of them in TV as opposed to the 1 present in CV

43
Q

What is the first cervical vertebra?

A

Atlas (C1)

44
Q

What is the second Cervical Vertebra?

A

Axis (C2)

45
Q

The articulation between the atlas and the cranium is known as..

A

Atlanto-Occipital Joint

46
Q

The articulation between the atlas and axis is known as…

A

Atlanto-Axial Joint

47
Q

The Spinous processes of the Thoracic Vertebrae and directed (pointed) in which direction?

A

Downward/ Inferiorly

48
Q

The spinous processes of which kind of vertebrae is known to be “long and laterally flattened”?

A

Thoracic Vertebrae

49
Q

Which of the unfused Vertebrae are the largest and strongest?

A

The Lumbar Vertebrae

50
Q

Which of the 3 kinds of vertabrae have Spinous Processes that are short and blunt?

A

The Lumbar Vertebrae

51
Q

Which of the 3 kinds of vertebrae have articular facets for ribs?

A

The Thoracic Vertebrae

52
Q

Which of the 3 kinds of vertebrae have Transverse Foramina?

A

The Cervical Vertebrae (have 2 of them)

53
Q

The sacrum is composed of how many Fused Vertebra?

A

5

54
Q

The Sacral Canal ends at what structure?

A

Sacral Hiatus

55
Q

What are the holes on either side of the Sacrum known as what?

A

Posterior and Anterior Sacral Foramen

56
Q

The area of the sacrum that articulates with the Coccyx is known as what?

A

The Apex of Sacrum

57
Q

What is the area in which the Sacrum articulates with the Pelvis Ilium called?

A

The Auricular Surface of the Sacrum

58
Q

What is the rough area on the superior lateral portion of the posterior Sacrum called?

A

The Sacral Tuberosity

59
Q

The joint between the Sacrum and the Iliac is known as what?

A

The Sacroiliac JointWh

60
Q

An Epidural Block is injected into the verves of what 2 vertebral structures?

A

Sacral & Coccygeal (nerves)

61
Q

The tail remnants of the Vertebral Column is known as what?

A

The Coccyx

62
Q

The Breastbone is known as what?

A

The Sternum

63
Q

Ribs 1-7 are what kind of ribs?

A

True Ribs

64
Q

Ribs 8-12 are what kind of ribs?

A

False Ribs

65
Q

Ribs 11 & 12 are what kind of ribs?

A

Floating Ribs

66
Q

What is the difference between a true rib and a flase rib?

A

True Ribs connect directly to the sternum whereas False Ribs connect to the sternum Indirectly

67
Q

Which kind of ribs don’t connect to the sternum at all?

A

Floating Ribs

68
Q

True ribs are also known as what?

A

Vertebrosternal Ribs

69
Q

False ribs are also known as what?

A

Vertebrochondral Ribs

70
Q

The superior, wider area of the Sternum is know as what?

A

The Manubrium

71
Q

The Manubrium allows for connections of what 3 structures (on each side)?

A
  1. 1st Rib
  2. 2nd Rib
  3. Clavicle
72
Q

The are in which the clavicle attaches to the Manubrium is known as what?

A

Clavicular Notch

73
Q

The small pointy inferior portion of the sternum is known as what?

A

The Xiphoid Process

74
Q

The area of the Thoracic Vertebrae in which the head of the rib bone connects to…

A

Vertebral Body; Superior Costal Facet

75
Q

The area of the Thoracic Vertebrae in which the Tubercle of the rib bone connects to…

A

Transverse Process; Transverse Costal Facet

76
Q

The joint in which the head of the rib bone connects to the thoracic vertebra, is known as..

A

Costo-vertebral Joint

77
Q

The joint in which the Tubercle of the rib bone connects to the thoracic vertebra, is known as..

A

Costo-Transverse Joint

78
Q

Lateral bending of the Vertebral Column is a disorder known as..

A

Scoliosis

79
Q

An exaggerated Thoracic Curve is a disorder known as..

A

Kyphosis

80
Q

An exaggerated Lumbar Curve is a disorder known as..

A

Lordosis

81
Q

A herniated or slipped disc is most common in which vertebral region?

A

Lumbar Region

Human Anatomy (10 decks)

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