Lecture 17

Question 1

What are the Organs of the Urinary System? (4)

Answer 1

1. Kidneys (2)
2. Ureters (2)
3. Urinary Bladder
4. Urethra

Question 2

The Kidneys filter out what?

Answer 2

Blood Plasma

Question 3

What happens to the substances filtered out by the Kidneys?

Answer 3

They are reabsorbed and sent back into the blood stream

Question 4

Whatever is not reabsorbed or filtered out by the Kidney’s become what?

Answer 4

Urine

Question 5

Urine is passed to the _______ via the _______ and stored there until _________.

Answer 5

Bladder ; Ureters ; Urination

Question 6

What are the Ureters?

Answer 6

the 2 tubes that carry urine from the Kidneys to the Bladder

Question 7

The Kidney regulate and maintains what functions? (7)

Answer 7

1. reg of Blood pH
2. reg of Blood Volume
3. enz reg of Blood Pressure
4. main. of Blood Osmolarity
5. prod. of Hormones
6. reg of Blood Glucose Level
7. excretion of wastes etc.

Question 8

What is Osmolarity (in terms of blood)?

Answer 8

the total concentration of all solutes in the blood

Question 9

What are the 2 main examples of Hormones produced by the Kidney?

Answer 9

Calcitrol & Erythropoietin

Question 10

What does the hormone Erythropoietin (produced by the kidney) do?

Answer 10

it stimulates the production of RBC in the bone marrow

Question 11

The Kidney helps to maintain glucose levels by producing it through a process called _______________.

Answer 11

Gluconeogenesis

Question 12

What does the term “Retroperitoneal” mean?

Answer 12

this term mean that the Kidneys are located behind the Peritoneum

Question 13

What is the Peritoneum?

Answer 13

the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity.

Question 14

where are the Kidneys located relative to the thoracic and lumbar spines?

Answer 14

between the bottom of the Thoracic Spine and the Top of the Lumbar Spine (on each side of the body)

Question 15

The Kidney is partially protected by which Ribs?

Answer 15

Ribs 11 and 12; the last 2 pairs

Question 16

What are the 3 layers of tissue surrounding each Kidney?

Answer 16

1. Deep Layer - Renal Capsule
2. Middle Layer - Adipose Capsule
3. Superficial Layer - Renal Fascia

Question 17

What is the Renal Hilum?

Answer 17

The entry point in the Kidney for the Renal Artery and the exit point for the Renal Veins & Ureter

Question 18

What are the 2 distinct regions of the Internal Kidney?

Answer 18

1. Renal Cortex
2. Renal Medulla

Question 19

What are the 2 zones of the Renal Cortex?

Answer 19

1. Cortical Zone
2. Juxtamedullary Zone

Question 20

What are the 2 regions of the Renal Medulla?

Answer 20

1. Renal Pyramid (w/ papilla)
2. Renal Column

Question 21

What is the outermost part of the cortex?

Answer 21

The Cortical Zone

Question 22

The Juxtamedullary Zone contains what structure known to aid in concentrating urine?

Answer 22

Nephrons

Question 23

What are the tips of Renal Pyramids called?

Answer 23

Renal Papilla

Question 24

What is the functional tissue of the Kidney?

Answer 24

the Parenchyma

Question 25

In terms of urine production, what is considered to be the functional unit?

Answer 25

Renal Lobe

Question 26

What is the hollow chamber within the Kidney where the Renal Pelvis is collected?

Answer 26

the Renal Sinus

Question 30

What is the Parenchyma?

Answer 30

the functional tissue of the Kidney

Question 31

What is the Renal Sinus?

Answer 31

hollow chamber within the kidney where the renal pelvis is located

Question 32

What is the order of structures within the Kidney in which Urine flows before excretion?

Answer 32

Filtrate drains from
1. nephrons; into the..
2. papillary ducts; into the..
3. minor calyces; which merge into
4. major calyces; which join tg forming
5. renal pelvis; urine then flows into..
6. ureter; tube then carries urine to..
7. urinary bladder:

Question 33

What is Filtrate?

Answer 33

the fluid that’s been filtered from the blood by the nephrons

Question 34

Each Kidney has how many Minor Calyces?

Answer 34

8-18

Question 35

Each Kidney has how many Major Calyces?

Answer 35

2-3

Question 36

When the filtrate has reached the ____ _______ it is considered urine.

Answer 36

Minor Calyces

Question 37

What type of cells line Nephrons and Ducts?

Answer 37

Simple Epithelium

Question 38

Once Urine moves into the Calyces, the simple epithelium change into a different type of cell called what?

Answer 38

Transitional Epithelium