Lecture 17 Flashcards
What are the Organs of the Urinary System? (4)
- Kidneys (2)
- Ureters (2)
- Urinary Bladder
- Urethra
The Kidneys filter out what?
Blood Plasma
What happens to the substances filtered out by the Kidneys?
They are reabsorbed and sent back into the blood stream
Whatever is not reabsorbed or filtered out by the Kidney’s become what?
Urine
Urine is passed to the _______ via the _______ and stored there until _________.
Bladder ; Ureters ; Urination
What are the Ureters?
the 2 tubes that carry urine from the Kidneys to the Bladder
The Kidney regulate and maintains what functions? (7)
- reg of Blood pH
- reg of Blood Volume
- enz reg of Blood Pressure
- main. of Blood Osmolarity
- prod. of Hormones
- reg of Blood Glucose Level
- excretion of wastes etc.
What is Osmolarity (in terms of blood)?
the total concentration of all solutes in the blood
What are the 2 main examples of Hormones produced by the Kidney?
Calcitrol & Erythropoietin
What does the hormone Erythropoietin (produced by the kidney) do?
it stimulates the production of RBC in the bone marrow
The Kidney helps to maintain glucose levels by producing it through a process called _______________.
Gluconeogenesis
What does the term “Retroperitoneal” mean?
this term mean that the Kidneys are located behind the Peritoneum
What is the Peritoneum?
the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity.
where are the Kidneys located relative to the thoracic and lumbar spines?
between the bottom of the Thoracic Spine and the Top of the Lumbar Spine (on each side of the body)
The Kidney is partially protected by which Ribs?
Ribs 11 and 12; the last 2 pairs
What are the 3 layers of tissue surrounding each Kidney?
- Deep Layer - Renal Capsule
- Middle Layer - Adipose Capsule
- Superficial Layer - Renal Fascia
What is the Renal Hilum?
The entry point in the Kidney for the Renal Artery and the exit point for the Renal Veins & Ureter
What are the 2 distinct regions of the Internal Kidney?
- Renal Cortex
- Renal Medulla
What are the 2 zones of the Renal Cortex?
- Cortical Zone
- Juxtamedullary Zone
What are the 2 regions of the Renal Medulla?
- Renal Pyramid (w/ papilla)
- Renal Column
What is the outermost part of the cortex?
The Cortical Zone
The Juxtamedullary Zone contains what structure known to aid in concentrating urine?
Nephrons
What are the tips of Renal Pyramids called?
Renal Papilla
What is the functional tissue of the Kidney?
the Parenchyma
In terms of urine production, what is considered to be the functional unit?
Renal Lobe
What is the hollow chamber within the Kidney where the Renal Pelvis is collected?
the Renal Sinus
What is the Parenchyma?
the functional tissue of the Kidney
What is the Renal Sinus?
hollow chamber within the kidney where the renal pelvis is located
What is the order of structures within the Kidney in which Urine flows before excretion?
Filtrate drains from
1. nephrons; into the..
2. papillary ducts; into the..
3. minor calyces; which merge into
4. major calyces; which join tg forming
5. renal pelvis; urine then flows into..
6. ureter; tube then carries urine to..
7. urinary bladder:
What is Filtrate?
the fluid that’s been filtered from the blood by the nephrons
Each Kidney has how many Minor Calyces?
8-18
Each Kidney has how many Major Calyces?
2-3
When the filtrate has reached the ____ _______ it is considered urine.
Minor Calyces
What type of cells line Nephrons and Ducts?
Simple Epithelium
Once Urine moves into the Calyces, the simple epithelium change into a different type of cell called what?
Transitional Epithelium
