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BIO 224 LESS GET IT > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Angiogenetic cell clusters?

A

extend in an arc around the head end of the ventral opening of the yolk sac. Initially, this means that the angiogenetic cell clusters (and the blood vessel that forms from them) have the pattern of a “horseshoe” if viewed from a dorsal or ventral perspective

look up picture

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2
Q

Explain brain development in a embryo?

A

The brain grows at an incredible rate. It grows so fast that it makes the head bend around under the embryo’s body

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3
Q

What does the brain growing an a fast rate have to do with the heart?

A

For the same reason that the gut is subdivided into three parts), this is why the heart winds up on the VENTRAL SIDE of the body.

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4
Q

at a ventral side what side of the heart is easier to see?

A

right ventricle

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5
Q

dorsal view? what is more visible

A

left ventricle

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6
Q

heart is not symeterical in shape yes or no

A

symetreical in shape

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7
Q

where do major blood vessels run?

A

along the part of the heart that’s inline with the particion of right from left

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8
Q

ventricle are more

A

muscular have to pump a lot, head lungs, feet, left ventricle is very muscular

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9
Q

atrium

A

have thin walls and pump to the vntricles

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10
Q

Right Atrium?

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from body.

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11
Q

Left Atrium

A

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs.

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12
Q

Right Ventricle

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from right atrium and sends it to lungs.

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13
Q

Left Ventricle:

A

Receives oxygenated blood from left atrium and sends it to body.

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14
Q

fat around the heart is?

A

nautrual

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15
Q

Anastomosis

A

the circulatory vascular usualy atrial supply where you have artiral blood brought to one sturucutre in multiple pathways, blood can go into two or one

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16
Q

blood vessels around the heart are

A

a clear example of an anastomosis

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17
Q

first branch of the aorta

A

is the coronary artery** supplies the heart wall

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18
Q

study all the valves

A

lol

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19
Q

Anastomosis

A

can be around hip ankle wrist, when you compress bend your knee stopping blood flow

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20
Q

base of the aorta right side

A

Bicuspid valve

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21
Q

who invented the articial heart

A

paul winchell

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22
Q

which wall is thicker right or left

A

left, bigger job

right does have to push to capilarries of lungs

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23
Q

ridges job of Trabeculae carnae

A

orientated so blood can go to the right direction when it flows

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24
Q

valves are held in place by Chordae

Tendonae

A

they help the valves from not flipping inside out when the heart is pumping, tough tendnous cords

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25
Q

Chordae Tendonae are anchored on?

A

Papillary muscles, nipple shaped muscles

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26
Q

papillary muscle

A

will be asked in lab

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27
Q

what gives the blood supply of the heart wall?

A
  1. Coronary arteries
    (a) Left coronary artery
    (b) Right coronary artery
    (c) Interventricular branches
    (d) Right marginal branch
  2. Cardiac veins
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28
Q

Coronary arteries split into four sections what are they?

A

a) Left coronary artery
(b) Right coronary artery
(c) Interventricular branches
(d) Right marginal branch

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29
Q

heart

A

own pacemaker

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30
Q

does the heart contract spontaneously?

A

yes, does not need nervous stimulation to contract.

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31
Q

Motor nerves that supply the human heart

A

modulate heart rate.

32
Q

what speeds up the heart rate?

A

Sympathetic motor impulses speed up heart rate

33
Q

what does parasympathic do to the heart?

A

it slows it down

34
Q

sympathic heart synapses where?

A

UPPER THORACIC SEGMENTS (T3-T4) GO UP TO THE NECK, AND COME BACK DOWN TO THE HEART THORACIC AND LUMBAR
speeds up

35
Q

parsympathic synapse

A

right and left vagus nerve

36
Q

parasymp is what

A

cranio sacrial b/c heart is closer to your head makes sense slows down

37
Q

sympathic heart- why is it so interesting describe it could be an essay question?

A

the autonomic nervous system is a two part- there’s a nerve number 1 and a never #2 which is called preganglonic and post ganglionic neurons– nerve comes out to levels T3-4 but they dont go right to the heart, they go to the sympathtic trunk (where they go up and down) go to top of neck (upper cervical ganglion) synapse and go back down to the heart

38
Q

why does symp. synapse in the neck? can

A

heart started above- heart one of the earliest to start developing, because of early development goes up there oh shit and turns around the -synapse for your heart started up there even though it starts and ends down

39
Q

essay question about list the consequences of the headfold and development of a very large brain of the early embryo

A

the distinction between the foregut and the midgut– the poistion the heart itself on the ventral side of the body, the unusual synpase of the sympathic neurons of the heart way up in the upper cervical ganglion, migration of the synapse hindgut is not involved and neither is the vagus nerve

40
Q

what controls the regulation of the heart beat? what is the system made up of?

A

System made up of cells called Purkinje fibers (insulated from surrounding cells of heart.

41
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

muscle cells in the heart than can act electronically

42
Q

Sinoatrial node is the what of the heart?

A

PACEMAKER OF HEART, and beginning of process. Geenrates periodic impulses that initiate contraction of right atrium.

43
Q

beginning of a heart beat starts

A

at the superior portion of the heart,Sinoatrial node, keeps the rhytm

44
Q

where does it go after the Sinoatrial node?

A

Signal then runs to Atrioventricular node. Message is passed along a track of Purkinje fibers

45
Q

after it does to the Atrioventricular node

A

Atrioventricular bundle. Atrioventricular bundle then splits into right and left limbs/branches that pass to individual inner ventricular walls on right and left

46
Q

differences between smooth and staritaed cardiac muscle

A

straitated quite long many nucleus
-straited is stonger tires easier
smooth- can hold contraction for longer

Cardiac muscle = intermediate between skeletal & smooth muscle.

  1. Cardiac muscle = uninucleate
47
Q

how do cardiac muscle contract?

A

by Intercalated discs, tiny little openings that can communicate

48
Q

Maximum Heartrate Calculation

A

208 - (0.7)(your age) = normal maximum heartrate.

49
Q

The Great Vessels of the thorax are a logical extension of the

A

heart

50
Q

Arch I:

A

Mostly disappears ( a small part becomes a bit of the maxillary artery).

51
Q

Arch II

A

DISAPPEARS

52
Q

Arch III:

A

CAROTID ARCH – becomes part of carotid arteries.

53
Q

Arch IV:

A

AORTIC ARCH – Right side disappears. Left side becomes ARCH OF AORTA.

54
Q

Arch V

A

DISAPPEARS

55
Q

Arch VI:

A

PULMONARY ARCH – Becomes pulmonary artery to lungs.

56
Q

The embryological Cardinal Veins look like a big letter

A

H

57
Q

Right anterior cardinal becomes what?

A

Becomes superior vena cava

58
Q

Right anterior cardinal

A

Becomes azygous vein

last tributary of SVC

59
Q

Sinus venosus

A

Becomes part of wall of right atrium.

60
Q

Left anterior cardinal

A

Becomes left brachiocephalic vein.

61
Q

Left posterior cardinal

A

Becomes hemiazygous vein.

62
Q
  1. Venous blood dumps in the right atrium of the heart.

what happens

A

Blood from the cranial region enters via superior vena cava

(b) Body blood enters via inferior vena cava

63
Q
  1. Inferior vena cava
A

passes through the diaphragm after receiving blood from the abdominal gut.

64
Q

. Superior vena cave & its 3 tributaries:

A

(a) Azygous vein
(b) Right brachiocephalic vein
(c) Left brachiocephalic vein

65
Q

dorsal aorta is paired

A

one on right one on left

66
Q

aorta

A

goes towards left

67
Q

arch of aorta

A

left side of arch 4

68
Q

internal carotid

A

The internal carotid artery is a major paired artery, one on each side of the head and neck, in human anatomy. They arise from the common carotid arteries where these bifurcate into the internal and external carotid arteries at cervical vertebral level 3 or 4; the internal carotid artery supplies the brain,

69
Q

external carotid

A

he external carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck. It arises from the common carotid artery when it splits into the external and internal carotid artery. It supplies blood to the face and neck.

70
Q

upper jaw

A

maxillary art

71
Q

brachiocephalic trunk

A

is on the right side only- arch 3/4

72
Q

brachiocephalic trunk pt 2

A

he brachiocephalic artery (or brachiocephalic trunk or innominate artery) is an artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck.

It is the first branch of the aortic arch, and soon after it emerges, the brachiocephalic artery divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery.

There is no brachiocephalic artery for the left side of the body. The left common carotid, and the left subclavian artery, come directly off the aortic arch. However, there are two brachiocephalic veins.

73
Q

first branch of the aorta

A

coronary

74
Q

first branch of the aorta from aortic rarch

A

brachiocephaic

75
Q

subclavian artery

A

The subclavian arteries are paired major arteries of the upper thorax (chest), below the clavicle (collar bone) in human anatomy. They receive blood from the aortic arch. The left subclavian artery supplies blood to the left arm and the right subclavian artery supplies blood to the right arm, with some branches supplying the head and thorax.

On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta.
On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery.
The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery, the latter may branch off the transverse cervical artery which is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib.

76
Q

ductus arterious

A

past pulmonary trunk, bipass big blood vessel,when youre born closes shut so all blood goes into your lungs are you start to transmit gases remains a tough ligament called the ligament arteriousus- remanant when you were in mom only on left side only

77
Q

recurrent largenral nerve

A

The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) that supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, with the exception of the cricothyroid muscles. There are two recurrent laryngeal nerves, right and left, in the human body. The nerves emerge from the vagus nerve at the level of the arch of aorta, and then travel up the side of the trachea to the larynx. The right and left nerves are not symmetrical, with the left nerve looping under the aortic arch, and the right nerve looping under the right subclavian artery then traveling upwards. Additionally, the nerves are one of few nerves that follow a recurrent course, moving in the opposite direction to the nerve they branch from, a fact from which they gain their name.

The recurrent laryngeal nerves supply sensation to the larynx below the vocal cords, gives cardiac branches to the deep cardiac plexus, and branches to the trachea, esophagus and the inferior constrictor muscles. The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, the only muscles that can open the vocal cords, are innervated by this nerve.

The recurrent laryngeal nerves are the nerves of the sixth pharyngeal arch. The existence of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was first documented by the physician Galen.

aortic arches are in the way

only has to hook on to subclavian on the right side on the left side has to hook around the ductusarteriousus

distrubition is asemtrical on right and left

BIO 224 LESS GET IT (14 decks)

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