Lecture 5 Flashcards
Amino acid
Organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Monomers of polypeptides
Carbohydrate
A sugar or one of its dimmers for polymers
Condensation
Change of water from water vapor to liquid
Condensation reaction
A reaction in which two molecules become covalent let bonded to each other through the loss of small molecules
Dehydration reaction
A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalent my bond to each other with removal of water molecule
Denaturation
Protein unravels and loses its natural state becoming biologically inactive
DNA
Genetic strand
Deoxyribose
The sugar component of Dna nucleotides
Disaccharide
A double sugar consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage formed during dehydration synthesis
Double helix
The form of native Dna
Fat
A lipid consisting of 3 fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule
Fatty acid
A long carbon chain carboxylic acid
Gene
A discrete unite of hereditary Information
Glucose
Sugar
Hydrolysis
A chemical process that splits modules by addition of water
Lipid
Group of compounds including fats oils and steroids
Macromolecule
a giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules
Monomer
A subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer
Monosaccharides
The simplest carb
Nucleic acid
A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers
Nucleotides
The building block of nucleic acid
Phospholipids
A lipid made of glycerol joined by two fatty acids and a phosphate group
Polymer
A long molecule consisting of many smaller or identical monomers
Polypeptide
A polymer of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
Polysaccharide
A polymer of many monosaccharides
Protein
A functional biological molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled it into a 3D structure
Purine
One of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides
Pyrimidine
One of two types nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides
RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule implicated in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with proteins and carbohydrates, constitute the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life.
Ribose
The sugar component of RNA molecule
Steroids
A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of 4 rings with various chemical groups attached
Cell wall
Wall of plant cell that protects organelles
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the “molecular unit of currency” of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism.
