Lecture 5 Flashcards
central Nervous system
brain & spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
nerves connecting organs, muslces and spinal cord
sensory (affent) input
sensory input (bottom up) from the body, muscles, skin, tendons, organs. –> experience emotion
Motor efferent
motor output, top down to, muslces, organs, glands —> experience emotion
motor divides into two parts
- somatic
skeletal muscles, to initate activity - autonomic
visceral (smooth) muscles and glands, to modualte activity
- sympathic: prepares the body for dight or flight
- parasympathic: promotes energy conservation, digestion and growth
autonomic system
visceral (smooth) muscles and glands, to modualte activity:
- sympathic: prepares the body for dight or flight
- parasympathic: promotes energy conservation, digestion and growth
Why measure physiology in emotion research?
- subjective measures such as questionnaires on themselves can provide unreliable judge,ents
- to understand how the brain controls the body and vice versa
- the body is part of emotion
- to understand the processes (causation, interactions) involved in emotions
Two types of distinct somatovisceral patterns for different types of disgust, like:
- nauseating disgust: increased muscular contraction of the stomach and right INSULA ACTIVITY
- BLOODY DISGUST: DECREASED HEART RATE AND ACTIVITY IN THE LET INSULA
Nauseating disgust
right side of the insula
bloody disgust
left side of the insula
insula is involved in a lot of more processes don’t get fooled
Partially differentiated activation in the brain when it comes to different emotions. Which emotion does always have a high heart rate and a high skin temperature?
Anger. When your heart rate is low, you feel happy, disgust en suprise, but when it is high and temperature high, anger. But temperature low: fear and sadness.
The Schacter- Singer experiment
what emotion you feel, really depends on the environment.
Two-factor theory (Schachter & Singer)
cognition works together with the physiological patterns. Cognition matters on what emotion you feel.
Somatovisceral afference model of emotion (SAME)
The somatovisceral afference model of emotion (SAME) proposes that emotions are the result of the brain’s interpretation of physiological signals from the body.
According to SAME, emotions are the product of the brain’s interpretation of physiological signals that originate from changes in the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle tension. These physiological changes are sensed by specialized nerve cells called “afferent nerves,” which transmit signals to the brain.
The brain then interprets these signals as emotions, depending on the context of the situation and the individual’s previous experiences. For example, if you feel your heart racing, your palms sweating, and your breathing quickening, your brain might interpret these physiological changes as fear if you are in a scary situation, or excitement if you are on a roller coaster.
In other words, the SAME model suggests that emotions are not solely the result of cognitive processes or external stimuli, but also involve the body’s physical sensations and physiological responses. The model emphasizes the importance of bodily sensations in emotional experiences and suggests that emotions are closely linked to bodily sensations.
apperception
the mental process by which a person makes sense of an idea by assimilating it to the body of ideas they already possess
corrugator muscle (face)
negative emotions (sad, angry)
zygomaticus muslce (face)
happy emotions
What can we conclude about the study with the corrugator and the zygomatic muscles in the face?
They can give unconscious reactions. they measured it in the face.
