Emotion science: chapter 7 Flashcards
The biopsychosocial model
is a comprehensive approach to understanding the development of mental health disorders. It emphasizes the complex interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors, and suggests that an individual’s vulnerability to mental health disorders is influenced by multiple factors.
The diathesis-stress model
proposes that a combination of genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors can lead to the development of mental health disorders. The diathesis refers to an individual’s inherent vulnerability or predisposition to a disorder, which may be activated by stressors such as traumatic experiences or chronic stress.
The cognitive-behavioral model
suggests that maladaptive patterns of thinking and behavior contribute to the development and maintenance of mental health disorders. This approach emphasizes the role of cognitive processes, such as negative self-talk or irrational beliefs, and encourages individuals to modify these patterns through cognitive restructuring and behavioral interventions
The neurodevelopmental model
proposes that abnormal brain development and/or maturation contribute to the development of mental health disorders. This theory emphasizes the importance of early life experiences, including prenatal and postnatal development, in shaping brain structure and function, and suggests that disruptions to this process may contribute to the onset of mental health disorders
anxiety disorders involve..
involve dysregulation of the amygdala and insula, and may also involve dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
Depression is associated with …
reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex, and increased activity in the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex.
Schizophrenia involves…
abnormalities in multiple brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, temporal lobes, and limbic system.
Borderline personality disorder is associated..
with dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and insula.
How do positive emotions influence cognitive flexibility?
Answer: Positive emotions increase cognitive flexibility, which is the ability to switch attention between different tasks and perspectives.
What is the undoing effect of positive emotions?
Answer: The undoing effect of positive emotions refers to their ability to undo the physiological effects of negative emotions, such as reducing heart rate and cortisol levels.
What is post-traumatic growth?
Post-traumatic growth is positive psychological change experienced as a result of adversity and challenges, such as an increase in personal strength, appreciation of life, and spiritual growth.
Social baseline theory
Social baseline theory proposes that social connection is an evolutionary adaptation that helps humans to survive and thrive. According to this theory, social connection provides a baseline for physical and mental well-being, helping individuals to regulate their physiological and emotional responses to stressors. The theory suggests that social support and connection should be considered a fundamental human need, similar to other basic needs such as food and shelter. The lack of social connection, on the other hand, can lead to negative health outcomes and increased susceptibility to stress-related disorders. Overall, social baseline theory highlights the importance of social support and connection for human well-being.
The Component Process Model of Emotion §
The Component Process Model of Emotion proposes that emotions are comprised of a set of distinct but interrelated components, including appraisal, physiological responses, action tendencies, and subjective experience. According to this model, emotions are not a single unitary experience but are instead composed of multiple processes that interact with one another. Appraisal involves evaluating the significance of an event, physiological responses refer to changes in the body such as increased heart rate or sweating, action tendencies are the behavioral impulses associated with a particular emotion, and subjective experience is the conscious experience of an emotion. This model suggests that emotions can be studied by examining the individual components that make up the emotional experience.
Emotional reactivity:
The degree to which individuals experience emotions in response to various stimuli, including internal and external cues.
Gray’s revised reinforcement sensitivity theory (r-RST)
A theory that proposes three interacting motivational systems in the brain, including the BIS, BAS, and the fight/flight/freeze system.§§§
