Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Exam 2 > Lecture 4: Eye > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions (4) of the eye?

A

1) Regulate the amount of light entering the eye
2) Focus light to form an image (lens→neural retina)
3) Converts light into neural activity (rods+cones)
4) Analyzes visual images before relaying information to the brain (via optic n.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List chambers of the eye

A

Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Vitreous chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the anterior chamber located? (3)

A

Space defined by the

  • (behind) cornea
  • (in front) iris and lens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which chambers are filled with aqueous humor?

A

Anterior & Posterior chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which chamber is filled with gelatinous vitreous humor?

A

Vitreous chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the posterior chamber located? (4)

A

Space defined by the
* (behind) iris
* (in front) lens, zonule fibers, ciliary body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the vitreous chamber located? (3)

A

Space defined by the

  • (behind) lens, zonule fibers (ciliary body)
  • (completely surrounds) retina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the outermost layer of the eye?

A

Retinal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the retinal layer contain? (2)

A

neural retina, retinal pigment epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the choroid (middle-pigmented) layer contain? (3)

A
  • Choroid
  • Iris
  • Ciliary body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the corneoscleral layer contain? (2)

A
  • Cornea
  • Sclera
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the middle vascular layer of the eye?

A

Choroid layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the outer fibrous layer of the eye?

A

Corneoscleral layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 5 layers of the cornea?

A

1) Epithelium
2) Bowman’s layer (membrane)
3) Stroma
4) Descemet’s layer (membrane)
5) Corneal endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the epithelium layer of the cornea?

A

stratified squamous non-keratinized corneal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of tissue makes up the stroma layer of the cornea?

A

dense regular CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the corneal endothelium layer of the cornea?

A

simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of tissue composes the choroid?

A

loose CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the choroid?

A

highly vascularized pigmented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the ciliary body?

A

regulated fine focus by adjusting the shape of the lens via parasympathetically innervated ciliary muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the ciliary body contain?

A

ciliary processes and zonule fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are zonule fibers?

A

fine ligaments connecting ciliary body to lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the source of aqueous humor?

A

ciliary processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of the iris?

A

regulates amount of light entering the eye by changing size of pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which muscle of the iris is sympathetically innervated?

A

dilator pupillae muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which muscle of the iris is parasympathetically innervated?

A

constrictor pupillae muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the lens?

A

biconvex transparent avascular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the function of the lens?

A

provides fine focus of the visual image by changing shape via ciliary muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the outer capsule of the lens composed of?

A

thick basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are opacities called?

A

cataracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What do the anterior epithelial cells of the lens differentiate into?

A

elongated fiber cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the ten layers of the retina?

A

From Superficial to Deep

1) Retinal pigment epithelium
2) Rod and cone photoreceptor outer segments
3) Outer limiting membrane
4) Outer nuclear layer (photoreceptor cell bodies)
5) Outer synaptic layer
6) Inner nuclear layer (interneurons)
7) Inner synaptic (plexiform) layer
8) Ganglion cell bodies
9) Ganglion cell axons
10) Inner limiting membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does the retinal pigment epithelium form?

A
  • blood retina barrier
  • absorbs stray/excess light
  • phagocytize shed photoreceptors (rods and cones) outer segments/discs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the function of rods and cones?

A
  • detect light and color
  • rods detect low light and are used for night vision
  • cones detect color
35
Q

What does the outer limiting membrane of the retina form?

A

row of zonulae adherens from Muller cells

36
Q

What forms the outer nuclear layer of the retina?

A

nuclei of rods and cones

37
Q

What is the function of the outer plexiform (synaptic) layer?

A

processes photoreceptor cells

38
Q

What does the inner nuclei layer of the retina contain?

A

nuclei from:

  • Muller cells
  • Amacrine cells
  • Bipolar cells
  • Horizontal cells
  • Interplexiform cells
39
Q

What does the inner plexiform (synaptic) layer contain?

A

neuronal processes

40
Q

What does the ganglion cell bodies layer of large multipolar neurons synapse with?

A

inner plexiform and axonal process of optic nerve

41
Q

Where do optic nerve fibers (layer of the retina) originate from?

A

ganglion cells

42
Q

The inner limiting membrane layer of the retina is the basal lamina of which cells?

A

Muller’s cells

43
Q

What is the function of photoreceptors?

A

phototransduction to convert light into neural activity

44
Q

What is the function of interneurons?

A

process neural signals

45
Q

What is the function of ganglion cells?

A

transmit visual signals to brain via optic nerve

46
Q

What is the pigment called that rods contain?

47
Q

What is the pigment called that cones contain?

48
Q

Each cone responds maximally to what colors?

A

red, green, blue

49
Q

Where is the fovea (macula) located?

A

back of retina in line with visual axis, specialized to maximize visual acuity

50
Q

What does the fovea (macula) NOT contain?

A

blood vessels

51
Q

What structure of the eye only contains cones?

A

fovea (macula)

52
Q

What is the origin of the optic nerve?

A

optic disk or papilla

53
Q

Which structure of the eye is known as the “blind spot”?

A

optic disk or papilla

54
Q

What is the anterior most border of the multilayered neural retina?

A

ora serrata

55
Q

Why is the optic disk the “blind spot” of the eye?

A

There are no receptors where the optic nerve exits the eye

56
Q

What is the function of the eyelid?

A

protect exposed surface of eye

57
Q

What covers the outer surface of the eyelid?

58
Q

What covers the inner surface of the eyelid?

A

conjunctiva

59
Q

What type of epithelium is the inner surface (conjunctiva) of the eyelid?

A

stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

60
Q

What does the eyelid contain?

A

1) tarsal plate = fibroelastic CT
2) orbicularis muscle
3) large sebaceous Meibomium glands
4) small sebaceous Zeis glands
5) Moll sweat glands

61
Q

What is #1? HIGH YIELD

A

Posterior chamber

62
Q

What is #2? HIGH YIELD

A

Anterior chamber

63
Q

What is #3? HIGH YIELD

64
Q

What is #4? HIGH YIELD

65
Q

What is #5? HIGH YIELD

66
Q

What is #6? **HIGH YIELD **

67
Q

What is #7 and #8 (same structure)? **HIGH YIELD **

A

Ciliary body

68
Q

What is #9? HIGH YIELD

A

Artifact of Prep

69
Q

What is #1? HIGH YIELD

A

Conjunctiva

70
Q

What is #2? HIGH YIELD

A

Meibomium glands

71
Q

What is #1? HIGH YIELD

A

Orbicularis oculi muscle

72
Q

What is #2? HIGH YIELD

A

Conjunctiva

73
Q

What is #3? HIGH YIELD

A

Meibomium glands

74
Q

What is #4?

A

Moll gland

74
Q

What is #5? HIGH YIELD

A

Zeis gland

75
Q

What is #6?

76
Q
  1. The aqueous humor located in the anterior chamber is in contact with the cornea. Which of the following corneal structures makes up the inner surface?
    a. Bowman’s membrane
    b. Endothelium
    c. Descemet’s membrane
    d. Epithelium
A

b. Endothelium

77
Q
  1. A patient presents to the ER with retinal detachment, which is caused by the separation of the neural retina from which structure?
    a. Choroid
    b. Vitreous body
    c. Photoreceptor cells
    d. Retinal pigment epithelium
A

d. Retinal pigment epithelium

78
Q
  1. As a ray of light enters the vitreous body and passes through the retina, which of the following retinal layers will the light pass through first?
    a. Outer limiting membrane
    b. Inner nuclear layer
    c. Ganglion cell layer
    d. Rods and cones
A

c. Ganglion cell layer

79
Q
  1. Identify the layer:
    a. Outer limiting membrane
    b. Ganglion cell layer
    c. Inner plexiform layer
    d. Outer nuclear layer
A

d. Outer nuclear layer

80
Q
  1. Identify the space:
    a. Anterior chamber
    b. Posterior chamber
    c. Vitreous body
    d. Canal of Schlemm
A

b. Posterior chamber

81
Q

What is the function of the cornea?

A

~75% of light focusing onto the retina

82
Q

What structure of the eye is the site of greatest visual acuity?

A

fovea (macula)

83
Q

What is macular degeneration?

A
  • breakdown of fovea (macula) = loss of center view
  • peripheral view (vision) is still intact

Histology Exam 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions