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Histology Exam 2 > Lecture 2: Respiratory > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Where is olfactory epithelium located?

A

the superior aspect (roof) of the nasal cavity

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2
Q

What type of epithelium is olfactory epithelium?

A

pseudostratified columnar

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3
Q

List layers (3) of olfactory epithelium from outer to inner

A

1) Sustentacular (supportive) cells
2) Olfactory cells containing non-motile cilia (9+2)
3) Basal stem cells = neuronal cells with axons

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4
Q

What do non-motile cilia NOT have?

A

dynein arms

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5
Q

What does the larynx consist of?

A
  • Epiglottis
  • False vocal cord
  • True vocal cord
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6
Q

What type of epithelium covers the anterior surface of the epiglottis?

A

stratified squamous

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7
Q

What type of epithelium covers the posterior surface of the epiglottis?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar (aka respiratory epithelium)

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8
Q

The false vocal cord is made up of which type of epithelium?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar

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9
Q

The true vocal cord is composed of which type of epithelium?

A

stratified squamous

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10
Q

Which structures are located in the underlying CT of the larynx?

A
  • Mucous glands = secrete mucous
  • Elastic cartilage = stains dark purple due to elastic fibers
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11
Q

What is the function of cilia in the pharynx?

A
  • Straighten and pushes against the mucus layer as it beats toward the pharynx
  • Bends below the mucous into the thin watery layer on recovery beat
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12
Q

What would happen if cilia is damaged?

A
  • decreased ability to clear mucous out of the respiratory system = leading to build up of mucous
  • damage to epithelium = cells shift and an increase in basal cells replace damaged cells
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13
Q

What does the loss of normal respiratory (ciliated pseudostratified columnar) epithelium lead to?

A

lung diseases, cancer

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14
Q

Where is the trachea located?

A

anterior to esophagus

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15
Q

What composes the posterior wall of the trachea?

A

smooth muscle bridging the gap in the c-shaped cartilages

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16
Q

What type of epithelium covers the trachea?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar

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17
Q

What does cystic fibrous cause?

A
  • Defective Cl- protein = decreased Cl- secretion = increased Na+ absorption which draws water out of mucous = abnormally thick mucous that is difficult to clear out of lungs
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18
Q

What type of epithelium lines bronchi?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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19
Q

What does bronchi contain?

A
  • hyaline cartilage
  • mucous gland
  • smooth muscle
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20
Q

Which respiratory structures are the ONLY structures to have hyaline cartilage?

A

Larynx, bronchi and trachea

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21
Q

What type of epithelium lines the terminal bronchioles?

A

shorter ciliated pseudostratifed columnar epithelium

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21
Q

What type of epithelium lines the respiratory bronchioles?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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22
Q

What type of muscle do bronchioles contain?

A

smooth

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23
Q

Where are Clara cells located?

A

terminal bronchioles

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24
Q

What is the function of Clara cells?

A

produce lipoprotein that prevents adhesion of the wall in the event of tubular collapse

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25
Q

What are the cellular components of the alveolar wall? What are their shapes, functions, and type of epithelium?

A
  • Type 1 pneumocytes = squamous = gas exchange
  • Type 2 pneumocytes = cuboidal = make surfactant
  • Fibroblasts = spindle shaped
  • Macrophages = irregularly shaped
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26
Q

List the symptoms (5) of asthma?

A
  • inflammation and excess mucous secretion obstruct airways
  • allergic reaction = IgE binds to mast cell = releases histamines
  • Vasodilation
  • Hypersecretion of mucus
  • Bronchoconstriction
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27
Q

What does emphysema cause?

A
  • Destruction of alveolar walls = insufficient gas exchange during respiration
  • Loss of elastic weakens alveolar wall= enlarged air spaces
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28
Q

What is #1?

A

Bone

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29
Q

What is #2?

A

Venous Plexus

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30
Q

What is #3?

A

Supportive cells

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31
Q

What is #4?

A

Basal cells

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32
Q

What is #5?

A

Olfactory cells

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33
Q

What is #6?

A

Bowman’s glands

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34
Q

What is #1?

A

Supportive cells

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35
Q

What is #2?

A

Olfactory cells

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36
Q

What is #3?

A

Basal cells

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37
Q

What is #1?

A

Pharynx

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38
Q

What is #2?

A

Epithelium (Stratified squamous)

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39
Q

What is #3?

A

Epiglottis

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40
Q

What is #4?

A

Elastic cartilage

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41
Q

What is #4?

A

Elastic cartilage

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42
Q

What is #5?

A

Glands

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43
Q

What is #1?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

44
Q

What is #2?

45
Q

What is #1?

A

Seromucous glands

46
Q

What is #2?

A

False vocal fold

47
Q

What is #3?

48
Q

What is #4?

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

49
Q

What is #5?

A

True vocal fold

50
Q

What is #1?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

51
Q

What is #2?

A

True vocal fold

52
Q

What is #1? HIGH Yield

53
Q

What is #2? HIGH YIELD

54
Q

What is #3? HIGH YIELD

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

55
Q

What is #4? HIGH YIELD

A

Hyaline cartilage

56
Q

What is #1?

A

Hyaline cartilage

57
Q

What is #2?

A

Seromucous glands

58
Q

What is #1?

59
Q

What is #2?

A

Row of Basal bodies

60
Q

What is #3 & #4 (same structure)?

A

Pseudostratified cilia columnar epithelium

61
Q

What is #5?

A

Hyaline cartilage

62
Q

What is #6?

A

Lacunae with chondrocytes

63
Q

What is #1?

Low yield

A

Perichondrium

64
Q

What is #2?

A

Seromucous glands

65
Q

What is #3?

A

Lamina propia

66
Q

What is #4?

A

Epithelium (Pseudostratified Cilia Columnar)

67
Q

What is #1?

68
Q

What is #2?

A

Bronchiole

69
Q

What is #3?

A

Alveolar ducts and alveoli

70
Q

What is #1?

A

Lumen artery

71
Q

What is #2?

A

Lumen bronchiole

72
Q

What is #3?

A

Respiratory epithelium

73
Q

What is #1?

A

Terminal to respiratory bronchiole

74
Q

What is #2?

75
Q

What is #1?

A

Alveolar duct

76
Q

What is #2?

A

Respiratory bronchiole

77
Q

What is #3?

A

Pulmonary artery

78
Q

What is #4?

79
Q

What is #1?

A

Alveolar duct

80
Q

What is #2?

81
Q

What is #1?

A

Alveolar duct

82
Q

What is #2?

A

Lumen vein

83
Q

What is #3?

84
Q

What is #1? High Yield

A

Type 1 pneumocyte

85
Q

What is #2? High Yield

A

Type 1 pneumocyte

86
Q

What is #3? High Yield

A

Type 2 pneumocyte

87
Q

What is #4? High Yield

A

Macrophage

88
Q

What is #1? HIGH YIELD

A

Type 1 pneumocyte

89
Q

What is #2? HIGH YIELD

90
Q

What is #3? HIGH YIELD

A

Type 2 pneumocyte

91
Q

What is #1?

92
Q

What is #2?

93
Q

What is #3?

A

Type 2 pneumocyte

94
Q

What is #4?

A

Type 1 pneumocyte

95
Q

What is #5?

A

Fibroblast

96
Q

What is #1?

A

Type 1 pneumocyte

97
Q

What is #2?

A

Type 2 pneumocyte

98
Q

What is #3?

99
Q

What is #4?

100
Q

As you move toward the respiratory bronchiole the Clara cells _____ in number as the ciliated cells _.
High Yield

A

increase, decrease

101
Q

What is the function of type II pneumocyte?

A

produce surfactant to decrease surface tension which prevents collapse

102
Q

What is the result of hyaline membrane disease? High Yield

A
  • Lack of type II pneumocytes (alveolar) = results in decreased production of surfactant needed to prevent alveolar collapse
  • Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
103
Q
  1. Olfactory receptor cells located in the olfactory epithelium are characterized by the presence of the apical modification, non-motile cilia. The cilia is non-motile as a result of which missing motor protein?
    a. Kinesin
    b. Dynein
    c. Myosin
    d. Actin
104
Q
  1. Identify the cell type:
    a. Macrophage
    b. Fibroblast
    c. Type I pneumocyte
    d. Type II pneumocyte
A

d. Type II pneumocyte

105
Q
  1. Which of the following is a distinguishing feature between the terminal and respiratory bronchioles?
    a. Cilia
    b. Alveoli
    c. Cuboidal epithelium
    d. Smooth muscle
A

b. Alveoli

106
Q
  1. Which of the following cell populations is involved in the formation of the blood-air barrier?
    a. Type I pneumocyte
    b. Type II pneumocyte
    c. Goblet cell
    d. Clara cell
A

a. Type I pneumocyte

107
Q
  1. What is the indicated structure?
    a. Epiglottis
    b. Trachea
    c. True vocal fold
    d. False vocal fold
A

c. True vocal fold

Histology Exam 2 (8 decks)

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