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Body Logistics > Lecture 4 Epithelial Cells And Surface Specilisations > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Epithelial Cells And Surface Specilisations Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 differences between serous and mucous membranes ?

A

1) mucous membranes line internal tubes which open to exterior , whereas serous membranes line closed body cavities than do not open to the exterior.
2) serous membranes exude watery , lubricating fluid , whereas mucous membranes secrete mucins onto the epithelial surface that then produce mucus.

3) serous membranes do not have
A visible lumen , whereas mucus membranes do.

4) mucous membranes have muscularis mucosa , whereas serous membranes do not.

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2
Q

What type of epithelium do serous membranes have ?

A

Simple squamous

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3
Q

Give 3 examples of where mucus membranes line ?

A

L1) respiratory

2) urinary
3) GI tract

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4
Q

Give three examples of what serous membranes line

A

1) plural sacs ( lungs)
2) peritoneum sacs ( abdominal organs)
3) pericardial ( heart)

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5
Q

How do serous membranes surround organs ?

A
  • during embryological development
  • heart , abdominal organs , lungs develop near a bag like cavity in which they then invaginate.

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6
Q

What is the inner part of the bag like cavity called during embryological development ?

A

Visceral serosa

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7
Q

What is the outer part of the bag like cavity called during embryological development ?

A
  • parietal serosa
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8
Q

Define epithelia

A

Sheets or continueous cells that have varied embryonic origins ; line external surfaces and internal surfaces.

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9
Q

What is an example of what pseudostratfied epithelium lines ?

A
  • respiratory tract eg trachea , bronchi , nasal cavity
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10
Q

What is an example of what transitional epithelium line?

A

Only the bladder are lined with transitional epithelium

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11
Q

What is an example of what simple squamous epithelial cells line ?

A
  • serous membranes
  • bowman capsule wall
  • lymphatic vessels and blood vessels
  • air sacs of the lungs and lining of the heart
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12
Q

What is an example of what simple cuboidal epithelium line ?

A
  • collecting ducts of kidneys
  • thyroid glands follicles
  • pancreatic duct
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13
Q

What is an example of simple columnar epithelium ?

A
  • Agi tract eg stomach , small intestine , colon
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14
Q

What is an example of stratified squamous epithelial?

A

OseopHague m vagina , anal

Inside the mouth

To protect against abrasion

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15
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium !

A

Fast exchange of materials and barrier to fluids

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16
Q

What is keratinised stratified squamous epithelium ?

A

Found on the epidermis of the skin

  • made up of keratinocytes
  • keratincyte mitosis occurs at the basal layer where daughter cells then move to the surface.
  • transit time is around 28-40 days.
17
Q

What occurs to the

Keratinocytes in psiarious ?

A
  • transit time is 2-4 days.

- stratum Corneum is produced in abdundance but slivery scales.

18
Q

Name two other cells that are found in epidermis cells

A

1) melanocytes

2) langerhan cells

19
Q

What are melanocytes

A
  • produce melanin
  • everyone has the same number melanocytes but darker people more melanin.
  • occur at 1:8 intervals of basal layer
20
Q

What are langerhans and where in epidermal cells are they found ?

A
  • found in the middle so they can have greater access to pathogens
  • they have a specialised capacity to present antigens to T lymphocytes
21
Q

What is one cause for cystic fibrosis ?

A
  • mutation in the CTFR gene
  • this causes the absence of CTFR ion channel in apical membranes in epithelial cells.
  • Cl- ions cannot be transported out of the cell and usually wherever chloride goes , water follows. So water does not move out by osmosis to lubricate mucus. This results in mucus being really sticky and thick.
22
Q

What are Clara ( club cells)

A

They are found in the bronchioles of the lungs.

  • they protect the lungs
  • they secrete a secretory substance from themselves called uteroglobin which represses an allergy induced inflammatory response
    .
23
Q

What are microfold cells ?

A
  • found in small intestine
  • trap pathogens
  • however some pathogens use them as a portal of entry
24
Q

Define the characteristics of the early stage of smoking

A
  • mucus thickens

- cilia dies off

25
Q

What happens when the person stops smoking for 2-4 days at an early stage of smoking ?

A

Ciliogensis occurs , that’s what may cause itching.

26
Q

Describe the characteristics of a smoker during the chronic stage

A
    • club cells that are found on the linings of bronchioles metaplasia or die.
  • goblet cells and basal cells profilerate.
  • type 11 cells in alveoli profilerate into type 1 and type 11 pneumocytes.
  • fibroblasts in alveoli lay down scar tissue.
27
Q

Do club cells every renew once a long term smoker stops smoking ?

A

No.

28
Q

What is outline features of acute bronchitis

A
  • occurs when smoking is less than 3 months
  • occurs because airways and lungs narrow and swell.
  • characterised by breathlessness , cough , mucus production
29
Q

Out,one features of chronic bronchitis

A
  • occurs when two episodes of cough last more than 3 months in a 2 year period.
  • chronic inflammation of bronchi / bronchioles
  • breathlessness
  • excess mucus production and coughing
30
Q

Outline features of emphysema

A
  • shortness of breath

- damaged air sacs as alveoli fuse and enlarge so their recoiling ability fails

31
Q

What does COPD stand for and what is it an umbrella term for?

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis and emphysema

32
Q

What is asthma caused by?

A

Bronchospas, - tightening of the smooth muscle layer in the bronchi and bronchioles.

33
Q

What are featuredof asthma

A

-shortness of breath ,
Chest tightness
Wheezing
Coughing

34
Q

What are the effects of cystic fibrosis on the airways ?

A

Blocks the passages of the bronchial passage with sticky mucus.

  • this obstructs breathing
35
Q

What are the effects of cystic fibrosis on the liver ?

A

The small bile duct becomes blocked which causes problems with digestion as the bile usually emulsifies fats.

36
Q

What is an effect of cystic fibrosis on the skin ?

A
  • malfunctioning of the sweat glands which causes really salty sweat.
37
Q

Where is stratified columnar epithelium found ?

A
  • the male urethra and ducts of some glands
38
Q

Where are stratified cuboidal epithelium found ?

A
  • sweat glands
  • salivary glands
  • mammary glands
39
Q

Where are simple squamous epithelium found ?

A
  • serous membranes ( air sacs of the lungs , lining of the heart
    )
  • bowmans capsule
  • blood vessels
  • lymphatic vessels

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Body Logistics (20 decks)

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