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Body Logistics > Lecture 12: Haemopoiesis > Flashcards

Lecture 12: Haemopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is haemopoiesis

A

Formation of blood cellular components.

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2
Q

What is the diameter of red blood cells ?

A

7 micrometers

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3
Q

What is erthyropoiesis

A

Process of making red blood cells

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4
Q

Outline the process of erthyropoiesis

A
  • starts off as an erythroblast which has a large nucleus and large amounts of RNA.
  • gradually the nucleus shrinks and is removed , along with majority of the RNA.
  • recticulocytes form which is the final step before red blood cell becoming mature. They have no nucleus , small amounts of RNA remain to make haemoglobin.
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5
Q

What type of cell will you find after there has been blood loss ?

A

Recticulocytes

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6
Q

What are the two types of cells that a multipotent haemopoietic / haemocytoblast can form ?

A

Myeloid progenitor and lymphoid progenitor.

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7
Q

What is an example of tissue-organ homeostasis in relation to hypoxia ?

A
  • hypoxia is whereoxygen supply has depleted.
  • the kidneys detect this and begin to increase their production of erythropoietin which is a glycoprotein that increases the rate of red blood cell production and release from the bone marrow.
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8
Q

How are early blood cells held in the bone marrow and what happens when they do mature?

A
  • they are held in the bone marrow by adhesion molecules and extracellular fibres ( collagen and fibronectin).
  • as blood cells mature , the adhesion molecule receptors on the surface reduce in number leading to the release of mature cells.
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9
Q

What is the role of erythropoietin?

A
  • a- a glycoprotein produced by the kidneys , which increases production of red blood cells and the release of red blood cells.
  • acts to stop apoptosis of RBC.
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10
Q

What is granulopoiesis ?

A

Formation of a sub group of white blood cells - this being

  • neutrophils
  • eosinophil
  • basophils
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11
Q

Describe features of neutrophils

A
  • multi-lobed nucleus
  • they have 3 types of granules within their cytoplasm ( lysosomes , gelatinise , MMPs)
  • they phagocytise pathogens
  • they are first responder and first line of defence
  • survives on average 10 hours
  • respiratory burst ( form a radical which can damage DNA of bacteria)
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12
Q

What is the role of granulocyte -colony - stimulating factor ? ( GCSF)

A

Secret d by immune cel,s

  • a cytokines
  • increases the number of neutrophils , but also increases chemotaxis and phagocytosis.
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13
Q

What are eosinophils ?

A
  • they are bi-lobed
  • they phagocytise pathogens
  • fight parasitic worms

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14
Q

What are basophils ?

A
  • release histamine to trigger inflammation.
  • granules contain heparin and histamine

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15
Q

What are the two processes that occur in granulopoiesis ?

A

1) nuclear condensation and lobulation

2) formation /increased numbers of granules.

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16
Q

What are monocytes called when they are in the tissue ?

A
  • macrophages
17
Q

What are monocytes ?

A
  • they are largest white blood cell.
  • unilobular ( horseshoe) nucleus
  • they are also known as kupffer cells in the liver.
  • they are capable of chemotaxis : moving to the site of an infection.
18
Q

What is thrombopoiesis?

A

The process of thrombocytes generation. ( platelet generation).

19
Q

What cell are thrombocytes made from ?

A
  • megakaryocytes in the bone marrow
20
Q

What are features of thrombocytes ?

A
  • have nonucleus
  • 2-3 micrometers In size.
  • their cytoplasm contains alpha granules and dense granules
21
Q

What do alpha granules in platelets contain ?

A
  • fibrinogen

- Von Willebrand’s factor.

22
Q

What do dense granules contain ? In platelets

A
  • ADP

- calcium

23
Q

What is the role of platelets during blood clots ?

A
  • results in platelets adhesion to damaged endothelial cell wall and aggregation with other platelets once activated.
24
Q

What is plasma’s composition ?

A

-92% water

  • 8% protein ( albumin ,
  • ions (Na,k,cl)
25
Q

What are symptoms of alcoholic liver disease?

A
  • low platelet count eg 30 ( 140-400)
  • INR 1.6 (0.9-1.1) thin blood
  • jaundice
  • ascites ( enlarged liver = enlarged abdomen )
  • bruised skin
26
Q

What is the cause of alcoholic liver disease?

A
  • damaged liver not producing thrombopoietin ( low platelet count)
  • damaged liver not producing clotting factors

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Body Logistics (20 decks)

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