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Body Logistics > Lecture 10- Connective Tissue And Adipose Tissue > Flashcards

Lecture 10- Connective Tissue And Adipose Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

List common types of cells found in connective tissue

A
  • macrophages
  • mast cells
  • fibroblasts
  • adiposcytes
  • recticular cells
  • mesnechymal cells
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2
Q

What is the function of fibroblasts ?

A
  • they help lay down scar tissue.

- they secrete and produce fibres that lie in the extracellular matrix.

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3
Q

What occurs to fibroblasts when there is a wound in the body ?

A

They change into myofibroblasts which contain actin and myosin which helps with contraction of the wound.

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4
Q

Where are mast cells usually found - in what type of connective tissue?

A

-aerolar connective tissue near the blood vessels.

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5
Q

Where are mast cells absent from - what part of the body ?

A
  • the CNS in order to prevent Oedema because histamines in the cytoplasm of the mast cells will increase permeability of the blood vessels
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6
Q

What is contained within the cytoplasm of mast cells ?

A

1) histamines which increase permeability of blood vessels making them similar to sinusoids.
2) heparin : act as anticoagulants preventing blood clots
3) cytokines which attract neutrophils and eosinphils to site of the wound.

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7
Q

What is the role of macrophages ?

A
  • they are phagocytictic

- professional antigen presenting cells to T lymphocytes

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8
Q

How many cell types does loose connective tissue contain ?

A

-multiple cell types for example fibroblasts , mast cells , macrophages and adipocytes

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9
Q

What are the twomain fibres that are within loose connective tissue !
?

A
  • collagen and elastin
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10
Q

What is the fuel like substance found in loose connective tissue called and is it in large or small amounts ?

A
  • proteoglycans which is made up of glycoaminoglycans such as hyaluroic acid. It is an important component in moving substances , especially in epithelial cells where blood vessels are not present.
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11
Q

Where is loose connective tissue mainly found ?

A
  • lamina propia
  • surrounds capillaries , nerves and sinusoids.
  • lymph nodes too
  • around gland .
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12
Q

What are two forms of loose connective tissue ?

A

Blood and adipose tissue

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13
Q

Are there many type of cells in dense connective tissue ?

A

A- no , mainly fibroblasts cells and collagen make up a lot of tissue present.

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14
Q

Is there more or less ground substance in dense connective tissue ?

A

Less , as the fibres are closely packed together.

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15
Q

Wwhat are the two types of dense connective tissue ?

A

1) irregular

2) regular

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16
Q

What are the functions of loose connective tissue ?

A

1) packaging around organs
2) involved in inflammation pathways
3) generally hold everything in place
4) cushions and stabilises organs.

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17
Q

Describe characteristics of irregular dense connective tissue ?

A
  • interwoven bundles of collagen which criss cross each other in many directions in order to counteract the multidirectional forces they experience.
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18
Q

Where is dense irregular connective tissue usually found ?

A
  • dermis of the skin AND SUBMUCOSA OF INTESTINE
  • deep fascia of muscles
  • periosteum around bone
  • dura meter around brain and spinal cord

-

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19
Q

What stain is usually required to see elastin in irregular dense connective tissue ?

A

Van goesen. Which is silver stain

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20
Q

What are examples of regular dense connective tissue ?

A
  • tendons
  • ligaments
  • aponeuroses ( flattened tendons)
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21
Q

Why do tendons have such high mechanical strength?

A
  • due to myotendinous junctions
  • which are junctions that connect tendons with skeletal muscle
  • collagen passes from the tendon to the muscle fibres were it interacts with the collagen fibres coating muscle fibres.
  • cross links occur between these fibres.
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22
Q

What is the main function of regular dense connective tissue ?

A
  • provides mechanical strength
23
Q

What types of collagen ar e tendons made up of ?

A

70% type 1 and 30% type 111 ( recticulin)

24
Q

Powhatan are tendons mainly made up of ?

A

30% collagen ( type 1 and type 3)

  • 68% water
  • 2% elastin
25
Q

Name one difference between regular and irregular dense connective tissue ?

A
  • irr gulag can resist stress in all directions due to collagen 1 fibres scattered in all directions whereas regular dense connective tissue can only resist stress in one direction because collagen 1 fibres are in parallel .
26
Q

What is fascia ?

A

Sheet of connective tissue containing closely packed bundles of collagen orientated in a wavy pattern parallel to direction of pull.

  • primarily found beneath the skin.
27
Q

how is collagen fibril produced outside the cell ?

A
  • fibroblasts secrete procollagen that is converted to collagen molecules outside the cell. the collagen molecules are then aggregated to form the final collagen fibrils.
28
Q

Why is vitamin c important for collagen fibrin production ?

A
  • vitamin C is required for the production of procollagen intracellularly , where it hydroxylates proline and lysine which helps to form procollagen that is packed , released and modified into collagen outside the cell.
29
Q

OUTLINE OUTLINE THE CAUSE OF SCURVY

A
  • vitamin C deficiency
30
Q

What are symptoms of scurvy ?

A
  • gum disease
  • bruising of the skin
  • bleeding
  • poor wound healing
31
Q

Outline the cause of Marfan’s syndrome

A
  • mutation of the fibrillin 1 gene which prevents production of normal elastic tissue.
32
Q

Wha are symptoms of mar fans syndrome

A
  • wing span greater than height
  • abnormally tall
  • aortic rupture
  • frequent joint dislocation
  • exhibit arachnodactylyl ( long fingers , long limbs)
33
Q

WCA’s elastic be regenerated ?

A

No, it is laid down only during fatal development. Not replaced in the adult.

34
Q

What is the cause of osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Mutation in the collagen 1 and collagen 2 gene.

35
Q

What are the symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta ?

A
  • hearingnloss
  • blue sclera
  • arched / flat feet
  • weakens bones
  • poor teeth development.
36
Q

What type of adipocytes are found in loose connective tissue ?

A
  • white adipocytes
37
Q

What are the functions of white adipocytes ?

A
  • shock absorber
  • insulation
  • padding
  • energy reserve
38
Q

What are features of white adipocytes ?

A
  • thei- they have one single enormous fat droplet

- nucleus , cytoplasm , organelles are all squeezed to one side of the cell

39
Q

Which of the adipose tissues are found in neonates( infant less than 4 weeks old ) ?

A
  • brown adipose tissue
40
Q

What are features of brown adipose tissue ?

A

1) they have greater number of mitochondria
2) they have multiple small lipid droplets
3) nucleus , cytoplasm , organelles squeezed to the centre of the cell.

41
Q

What is the function of brown adipose tissue ?

A
  • provides insulation and fuel storage in neonates.

- lipid breakdown is accelerated.

42
Q

What is the most common type of collagen ?

A

Type 1 collagen - where fibrils aggregate into fibres and fibre bundles in the tendons , skinndermis and capsules of organs

43
Q

What type of collagen does not form fibres ?

A

Type 2;: found in cartilage and hyaline

44
Q

What type of collagen is considered to be recticulin ?

A

Type 3 - it is found in lymphatic organs such as the spleen , liver and tendons

45
Q

What type of collagen is found in the basement membrane ?

A

Type 1V

46
Q

What does the extraceullar matrix consist of ?

A

Ground substance and fibres.

47
Q

QWhat is a ground substance contained in connective tissue

A
  • composed of proteoglycans which are LARGE macromolecules consisting of glycoaminoglycans which are long chained polysaccharides.
48
Q

What is an example of glycoaminoglycans ?

A

hyaluronic acid

49
Q

How how are mast cells responsible for allergic reactions ?

A
  • mast cells become coated with IgE , which then bind with allergens. The allergen forms cross links with the surface bound IgE molecules , the contents of the granules are rapidly released = allergic response.
50
Q

Where can mucoid connective tissue be found ?

A

Umbilical cord - ground substance is Wharton’s jelly in extracellular matrix.

51
Q

What is found in mucous connective tissue in the umbilical cord ?

A
  • macrophages
  • lymphocytes
  • stellate fibroblasts
52
Q

How many blood vessels are there in the umbilical cord and what is their role ?

A
  • there are 3 blood vessels
  • 2 arteries
  • 1 vein
  • arteries are used to transport deoxygenated away from the baby, whereas veins are used to carry oxygenated blood from the placenta to foetus
53
Q

What is brown adipose tissue required for

A
  • non shivering thermogenic regulation

Body Logistics (20 decks)

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