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Histology Exam 1 (Brendan) > Lecture 4 Connective Tissue and ECM > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Connective Tissue and ECM Flashcards

1
Q

_____ consists of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix. The ECM contains ____, ______, and _____

A

Connective tissue

fibers, amorphous ground substance, tissue fluid

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2
Q

Functions of connective tissue: (4)

connective tissue originates from:

A

structural support, exhange medium between blood and tissues, defense and protection, fat storage
mesoderm

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3
Q

The major component of connective tissue is the _____. They have well developed rER and golgi when active. When inactive, they are called _____ and have less organelles/rER.

A

fibroblast.

fibrocytes

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4
Q

Adipocytes are a form of connective tissue. They can be found as _____ (white) and _____ (brown)

A

unilocular, multilocular

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5
Q

_____ cells consist of a single large fat droplet

A

unilocular

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6
Q

Adults have mostly _____ fat, while fetuses contain a lot of _____ fat

A

white, brown

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7
Q

_____ originate from bone marrow as monocytes.

A

Macrophages

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8
Q

Monocytes migrate from blood into connective tissue and mature into different phenotypes of macrophages, including _____ in the liver, _____ in the bone, _____ in the CNS

A

Kuppfer, Osteoclasts, Microglia

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9
Q

The greatest reservoir of macrophages is found in what organ?

A

Spleen

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10
Q

Macrophages have two types of lysosomes. What are they, and how do they differ?

A

Primary lysosomes=regular, with nothing being digested

Secondary=are actively digesting something

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11
Q

Macrophages are phagocytic but also regulate the ______ system by prodcing prostoglandins and interleukins

A

immune

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12
Q

Mast cells contain many ______ staining granules

A

metachromatic

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13
Q

Mast cells mediate type 1 _______ reaction

A

hypersensitivity

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14
Q

Mast cells release mediators when activated including: _____ ____ and ______ to produce an inflammatory response

A

leukotriene C, heparin, histamine

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15
Q

_____ cells are an important mediator of allergic hypersensitivity reactions.

A

Mast

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16
Q

Plasma cells are _____ producing cells that arise from activated _ lymphocytes

A

antibody

B

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17
Q

A plasma cells hallmark is basophilic staining rER and ______ staining golgi

A

negative

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18
Q

Lymphocytes function in _____ and _____

A

cell-mediated immunity and humoral immune response

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19
Q

Neutrophils are the first cell that appears in _____ reactions

A

inflammatory

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20
Q

Neutrophils are phagocytotic and contain a _____ nucleus

A

trilobed

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21
Q

____ are the most abundant WBC’s in the blood stream

A

neutrophils

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22
Q

_____ are important for parasite immune response

A

eisonophils

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23
Q

____ is an example of a WBC that has a bilobed nucleus

A

eisonophil

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24
Q

Eisonophil granules contain _____ inclusions

A

crystalloid

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25
Q

Pericytes are mesenchymal-like stem cells found around _____. They are important in wound healing

A

capillaries

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26
Q

_____ connective tissue is present in developing embryos

A

Mesenchymal

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27
Q

____ connective tissue is a main component of the umbilical cord

A

Mucous

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28
Q

______ connective tissue have no particular orientation and are found in dermis and organ capsules

A

dense irregular

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29
Q

Dense regular connective tissue contain fibrocytes and are only found in ____ and _____

A

tendons, ligaments

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30
Q

Dense regular _____ tissue is only really found in the Aorta.

A

elastic

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31
Q

ECM ground substance consists of ______ and ______.

A

proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans

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32
Q

_____ are macromolecoules that bind ECM components to each other and to cell integrins

A

Glycoproteins

33
Q

Chondritan sulfate is an example of a ________ that is abundant in ____ and ____ cartilage

A

glycosaminoglycan

hyaline, elastic

34
Q

Heparin is a more sulfated form than heparan sulfate. It is found in

A

Mast Cells

35
Q

______ is a nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan, and is a component of cartilage. It’s main function in cartilage is to maintain _____

A

Hyaluronic acid

hydration

36
Q

Fibronectin has 2 forms: ____ and ____

A

cellular, plasma form

37
Q

The cellular form of fibronectin is found in ___ cells and cell surfaces. The plasma form is dissolved in blood and involved in ____ and _____ healing.

A

CT

clotting, wound

38
Q

Fibronectin binds collagen, heparin, and _____

A

Integrins

39
Q

Fibronectin mediates cell ___ to the ECM

A

adhesion

40
Q

____ is a glycoprotein that is a component of basement membranes

A

Laminin

41
Q

Laminin binds to type __ collagen as well as integrins

A

4

42
Q

_____ is an adhesive glycoprotein found in embryonic tissues

A

tenascin

43
Q

Chrondonectin functions in development and maintenance of _____. _____ is a different glycoprotein found in bone.

A

cartilage

Osteonectin

44
Q

Type ___ collagen makes up 90% of the collagen in the body. It is stained ____ in H and E stains

A

1

eisonophilic

45
Q

_____ fibers are primarily type 3 collagen and are found in the ______ membrane.

A

Reticular

basement

46
Q

Elastic fibers consist of ____ and ____ microfibrils. At our age we (do/do not) make elastin.

A

elastin, fibrillin

do not

47
Q

Collagen synthesis:

begins with synthesis of ____ chains

A

pro alpha

48
Q

Vitamin C is involved in the hydroxylation of ___ and ____ residues in the formation of collagen

A

Pro, Lys

49
Q

After hydroxylation of Proline and Lysine in collagen formation, the hydroxylysines are _____

A

glycosylated

50
Q

Following glycosylation of hydroxylysines, the collagen fibrils are assembeled into _____ and transported to the cell surface.

A

procollagen

51
Q

At the ________, procollagen is cleaved into tropocollagen

A

cell surface

52
Q

Collagen fibers consist of ____ alpha helices organized into procollagen

A

3

53
Q

Type ____ collagen is found in bone, skin, tendons, dentin and scar tissue.

A

1

54
Q

Fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and odontoblast are producers of ____ collagen

A

Type 1

55
Q

Hyaline cartilage contains type ___ collagen. This collagen is produced by ___-oblasts

A

2,

chondro

56
Q

Reticular fibers are made by fibroblasts and are type _ fibers.

A

3

57
Q

Type 4 fibers are found in ____ membranes.

A

basement

58
Q

Type 7 collagen anchors the _____ of cells to connective tissue

A

basement membrane

59
Q

Type 10 collagen is found in the hypertrophic zone of devloping _____

A

bones

60
Q

Elastic fibers contain 2 unusual amino acids, called ____ and ____

A

demosine

isodemosine

61
Q

Collagen fibers are made of ____, which exhibit banding in microscopy

A

fibrils

62
Q

_____ is a component of peripheral microfibrils around elastic fibers

A

Fibrillin

63
Q

Extracellular matrix is subject to constant ____ by proteolytic enzymes

A

remodeling

64
Q

Osteogenesis imperfect is a genetic defect involving type _ collagen that leads to bone fragility

A

1

65
Q

Homocystinuria is a genetic defect that results in abnormal _____ crosslinking

A

collagen

66
Q

_____ syndrome is a genetic defect in fibrillin 1. It results in a weakened arota of the heart.

A

Marfan

67
Q

Alport syndrome is a genetic defect involving type _ collagen that results in catartacs and deafness

A

4

68
Q

____ is a genetic defect involving a hydroxylase needed for type 3 collagen synthesis. It results in hyperelasticity of skin and hypermobility of joints

A

ehlers-danos syndrome.

69
Q

Epithelial tumor cells that break down ____ can metastisize

A

basal lamina

70
Q

Plasma cells are ovoid with an eccentrically placed nucleus with _____-_____ arranged heterochromatin

A

spoke wheel

71
Q

_____ bind to Antigen-Ab complex on the parasite surface and release cytotoxins

A

Eisonophils

72
Q

Eisonophils contain enzymes that cleave _____ and leukotriene-C to moderate allergic reactions

A

histamine

73
Q

In wound healing, pericytes may differentiate into ____ or _____ muscle cells

A

fibroblasts

smooth

74
Q

_____ connective tissue is found in adventitia of blood vessels and the lamina propria of intestine

A

loose

75
Q

_____ connective tissue is found in lymph nodes

A

reticular

76
Q

_____ is a key component of basement membranes that binds laminin with type 4 collagen

A

entactin

77
Q

Elastin fibers are highly crosslinked via ____ residues

A

Lysine

78
Q

_____ helps link fibrillin together

A

MAGP (microfibril-associated glycoprotein)

79
Q

Matrix _______ break down Extracellular Matrix, allowing cancer cells to “go wandering”

A

metalloproteinases

Histology Exam 1 (Brendan) (10 decks)

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