Lecture 4 Connective Tissue and ECM

Question 1

_____ consists of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix. The ECM contains ____, ______, and _____

Answer 1

Connective tissue

fibers, amorphous ground substance, tissue fluid

Question 2

Functions of connective tissue: (4)

connective tissue originates from:

Answer 2

structural support, exhange medium between blood and tissues, defense and protection, fat storage
mesoderm

Question 3

The major component of connective tissue is the _____. They have well developed rER and golgi when active. When inactive, they are called _____ and have less organelles/rER.

Answer 3

fibroblast.

fibrocytes

Question 4

Adipocytes are a form of connective tissue. They can be found as _____ (white) and _____ (brown)

Answer 4

unilocular, multilocular

Question 5

_____ cells consist of a single large fat droplet

Answer 5

unilocular

Question 6

Adults have mostly _____ fat, while fetuses contain a lot of _____ fat

Answer 6

white, brown

Question 7

_____ originate from bone marrow as monocytes.

Answer 7

Macrophages

Question 8

Monocytes migrate from blood into connective tissue and mature into different phenotypes of macrophages, including _____ in the liver, _____ in the bone, _____ in the CNS

Answer 8

Kuppfer, Osteoclasts, Microglia

Question 9

The greatest reservoir of macrophages is found in what organ?

Answer 9

Spleen

Question 10

Macrophages have two types of lysosomes. What are they, and how do they differ?

Answer 10

Primary lysosomes=regular, with nothing being digested

Secondary=are actively digesting something

Question 11

Macrophages are phagocytic but also regulate the ______ system by prodcing prostoglandins and interleukins

Answer 11

immune

Question 12

Mast cells contain many ______ staining granules

Answer 12

metachromatic

Question 13

Mast cells mediate type 1 _______ reaction

Answer 13

hypersensitivity

Question 14

Mast cells release mediators when activated including: _____ ____ and ______ to produce an inflammatory response

Answer 14

leukotriene C, heparin, histamine

Question 15

_____ cells are an important mediator of allergic hypersensitivity reactions.

Answer 15

Mast

Question 16

Plasma cells are _____ producing cells that arise from activated _ lymphocytes

Answer 16

antibody

B

Question 17

A plasma cells hallmark is basophilic staining rER and ______ staining golgi

Answer 17

negative

Question 18

Lymphocytes function in _____ and _____

Answer 18

cell-mediated immunity and humoral immune response

Question 19

Neutrophils are the first cell that appears in _____ reactions

Answer 19

inflammatory

Question 20

Neutrophils are phagocytotic and contain a _____ nucleus

Answer 20

trilobed

Question 21

____ are the most abundant WBC’s in the blood stream

Answer 21

neutrophils

Question 22

_____ are important for parasite immune response

Answer 22

eisonophils

Question 23

____ is an example of a WBC that has a bilobed nucleus

Answer 23

eisonophil

Question 24

Eisonophil granules contain _____ inclusions

Answer 24

crystalloid

Question 25

Pericytes are mesenchymal-like stem cells found around _____. They are important in wound healing

Answer 25

capillaries

Question 26

_____ connective tissue is present in developing embryos

Answer 26

Mesenchymal

Question 27

____ connective tissue is a main component of the umbilical cord

Answer 27

Mucous

Question 28

______ connective tissue have no particular orientation and are found in dermis and organ capsules

Answer 28

dense irregular

Question 29

Dense regular connective tissue contain fibrocytes and are only found in ____ and _____

Answer 29

tendons, ligaments

Question 30

Dense regular _____ tissue is only really found in the Aorta.

Answer 30

elastic

Question 31

ECM ground substance consists of ______ and ______.

Answer 31

proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans

Question 32

_____ are macromolecoules that bind ECM components to each other and to cell integrins

Answer 32

Glycoproteins

Question 33

Chondritan sulfate is an example of a ________ that is abundant in ____ and ____ cartilage

Answer 33

glycosaminoglycan | hyaline, elastic

Question 34

Heparin is a more sulfated form than heparan sulfate. It is found in

Answer 34

Mast Cells

Question 35

______ is a nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan, and is a component of cartilage. It's main function in cartilage is to maintain _____

Answer 35

Hyaluronic acid | hydration

Question 36

Fibronectin has 2 forms: ____ and ____

Answer 36

cellular, plasma form

Question 37

The cellular form of fibronectin is found in ___ cells and cell surfaces. The plasma form is dissolved in blood and involved in ____ and _____ healing.

Answer 37

CT | clotting, wound

Question 38

Fibronectin binds collagen, heparin, and _____

Answer 38

Integrins

Question 39

Fibronectin mediates cell ___ to the ECM

Answer 39

adhesion

Question 40

____ is a glycoprotein that is a component of basement membranes

Answer 40

Laminin

Question 41

Laminin binds to type __ collagen as well as integrins

Answer 41

4

Question 42

_____ is an adhesive glycoprotein found in embryonic tissues

Answer 42

tenascin

Question 43

Chrondonectin functions in development and maintenance of _____. _____ is a different glycoprotein found in bone.

Answer 43

cartilage | Osteonectin

Question 44

Type ___ collagen makes up 90% of the collagen in the body. It is stained ____ in H and E stains

Answer 44

1 | eisonophilic

Question 45

_____ fibers are primarily type 3 collagen and are found in the ______ membrane.

Answer 45

Reticular | basement

Question 46

Elastic fibers consist of ____ and ____ microfibrils. At our age we (do/do not) make elastin.

Answer 46

elastin, fibrillin | do not

Question 47

Collagen synthesis: | begins with synthesis of ____ chains

Answer 47

pro alpha

Question 48

Vitamin C is involved in the hydroxylation of ___ and ____ residues in the formation of collagen

Answer 48

Pro, Lys

Question 49

After hydroxylation of Proline and Lysine in collagen formation, the hydroxylysines are _____

Answer 49

glycosylated

Question 50

Following glycosylation of hydroxylysines, the collagen fibrils are assembeled into _____ and transported to the cell surface.

Answer 50

procollagen

Question 51

At the ________, procollagen is cleaved into tropocollagen

Answer 51

cell surface

Question 52

Collagen fibers consist of ____ alpha helices organized into procollagen

Answer 52

3

Question 53

Type ____ collagen is found in bone, skin, tendons, dentin and scar tissue.

Answer 53

1

Question 54

Fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and odontoblast are producers of ____ collagen

Answer 54

Type 1

Question 55

Hyaline cartilage contains type ___ collagen. This collagen is produced by ___-oblasts

Answer 55

2, | chondro

Question 56

Reticular fibers are made by fibroblasts and are type _ fibers.

Answer 56

3

Question 57

Type 4 fibers are found in ____ membranes.

Answer 57

basement

Question 58

Type 7 collagen anchors the _____ of cells to connective tissue

Answer 58

basement membrane

Question 59

Type 10 collagen is found in the hypertrophic zone of devloping _____

Answer 59

bones

Question 60

Elastic fibers contain 2 unusual amino acids, called ____ and ____

Answer 60

demosine | isodemosine

Question 61

Collagen fibers are made of ____, which exhibit banding in microscopy

Answer 61

fibrils

Question 62

_____ is a component of peripheral microfibrils around elastic fibers

Answer 62

Fibrillin

Question 63

Extracellular matrix is subject to constant ____ by proteolytic enzymes

Answer 63

remodeling

Question 64

Osteogenesis imperfect is a genetic defect involving type _ collagen that leads to bone fragility

Answer 64

1

Question 65

Homocystinuria is a genetic defect that results in abnormal _____ crosslinking

Answer 65

collagen

Question 66

_____ syndrome is a genetic defect in fibrillin 1. It results in a weakened arota of the heart.

Answer 66

Marfan

Question 67

Alport syndrome is a genetic defect involving type _ collagen that results in catartacs and deafness

Answer 67

4

Question 68

____ is a genetic defect involving a hydroxylase needed for type 3 collagen synthesis. It results in hyperelasticity of skin and hypermobility of joints

Answer 68

ehlers-danos syndrome.

Question 69

Epithelial tumor cells that break down ____ can metastisize

Answer 69

basal lamina

Question 70

Plasma cells are ovoid with an eccentrically placed nucleus with _____-_____ arranged heterochromatin

Answer 70

spoke wheel

Question 71

_____ bind to Antigen-Ab complex on the parasite surface and release cytotoxins

Answer 71

Eisonophils

Question 72

Eisonophils contain enzymes that cleave _____ and leukotriene-C to moderate allergic reactions

Answer 72

histamine

Question 73

In wound healing, pericytes may differentiate into ____ or _____ muscle cells

Answer 73

fibroblasts | smooth

Question 74

_____ connective tissue is found in adventitia of blood vessels and the lamina propria of intestine

Answer 74

loose

Question 75

_____ connective tissue is found in lymph nodes

Answer 75

reticular

Question 76

_____ is a key component of basement membranes that binds laminin with type 4 collagen

Answer 76

entactin

Question 77

Elastin fibers are highly crosslinked via ____ residues

Answer 77

Lysine

Question 78

_____ helps link fibrillin together

Answer 78

MAGP (microfibril-associated glycoprotein)

Question 79

Matrix _______ break down Extracellular Matrix, allowing cancer cells to "go wandering"

Answer 79

metalloproteinases