Lecture 4 Connective Tissue and ECM Flashcards
_____ consists of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix. The ECM contains ____, ______, and _____
Connective tissue
fibers, amorphous ground substance, tissue fluid
Functions of connective tissue: (4)
connective tissue originates from:
structural support, exhange medium between blood and tissues, defense and protection, fat storage
mesoderm
The major component of connective tissue is the _____. They have well developed rER and golgi when active. When inactive, they are called _____ and have less organelles/rER.
fibroblast.
fibrocytes
Adipocytes are a form of connective tissue. They can be found as _____ (white) and _____ (brown)
unilocular, multilocular
_____ cells consist of a single large fat droplet
unilocular
Adults have mostly _____ fat, while fetuses contain a lot of _____ fat
white, brown
_____ originate from bone marrow as monocytes.
Macrophages
Monocytes migrate from blood into connective tissue and mature into different phenotypes of macrophages, including _____ in the liver, _____ in the bone, _____ in the CNS
Kuppfer, Osteoclasts, Microglia
The greatest reservoir of macrophages is found in what organ?
Spleen
Macrophages have two types of lysosomes. What are they, and how do they differ?
Primary lysosomes=regular, with nothing being digested
Secondary=are actively digesting something
Macrophages are phagocytic but also regulate the ______ system by prodcing prostoglandins and interleukins
immune
Mast cells contain many ______ staining granules
metachromatic
Mast cells mediate type 1 _______ reaction
hypersensitivity
Mast cells release mediators when activated including: _____ ____ and ______ to produce an inflammatory response
leukotriene C, heparin, histamine
_____ cells are an important mediator of allergic hypersensitivity reactions.
Mast
Plasma cells are _____ producing cells that arise from activated _ lymphocytes
antibody
B
A plasma cells hallmark is basophilic staining rER and ______ staining golgi
negative
Lymphocytes function in _____ and _____
cell-mediated immunity and humoral immune response
Neutrophils are the first cell that appears in _____ reactions
inflammatory
Neutrophils are phagocytotic and contain a _____ nucleus
trilobed
____ are the most abundant WBC’s in the blood stream
neutrophils
_____ are important for parasite immune response
eisonophils
____ is an example of a WBC that has a bilobed nucleus
eisonophil
Eisonophil granules contain _____ inclusions
crystalloid
Pericytes are mesenchymal-like stem cells found around _____. They are important in wound healing
capillaries
_____ connective tissue is present in developing embryos
Mesenchymal
____ connective tissue is a main component of the umbilical cord
Mucous
______ connective tissue have no particular orientation and are found in dermis and organ capsules
dense irregular
Dense regular connective tissue contain fibrocytes and are only found in ____ and _____
tendons, ligaments
Dense regular _____ tissue is only really found in the Aorta.
elastic
ECM ground substance consists of ______ and ______.
proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans
_____ are macromolecoules that bind ECM components to each other and to cell integrins
Glycoproteins
Chondritan sulfate is an example of a ________ that is abundant in ____ and ____ cartilage
glycosaminoglycan
hyaline, elastic
Heparin is a more sulfated form than heparan sulfate. It is found in
Mast Cells
______ is a nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan, and is a component of cartilage. It’s main function in cartilage is to maintain _____
Hyaluronic acid
hydration
Fibronectin has 2 forms: ____ and ____
cellular, plasma form
The cellular form of fibronectin is found in ___ cells and cell surfaces. The plasma form is dissolved in blood and involved in ____ and _____ healing.
CT
clotting, wound
Fibronectin binds collagen, heparin, and _____
Integrins
Fibronectin mediates cell ___ to the ECM
adhesion
____ is a glycoprotein that is a component of basement membranes
Laminin
Laminin binds to type __ collagen as well as integrins
4
_____ is an adhesive glycoprotein found in embryonic tissues
tenascin
Chrondonectin functions in development and maintenance of _____. _____ is a different glycoprotein found in bone.
cartilage
Osteonectin
Type ___ collagen makes up 90% of the collagen in the body. It is stained ____ in H and E stains
1
eisonophilic
_____ fibers are primarily type 3 collagen and are found in the ______ membrane.
Reticular
basement
Elastic fibers consist of ____ and ____ microfibrils. At our age we (do/do not) make elastin.
elastin, fibrillin
do not
Collagen synthesis:
begins with synthesis of ____ chains
pro alpha
Vitamin C is involved in the hydroxylation of ___ and ____ residues in the formation of collagen
Pro, Lys
After hydroxylation of Proline and Lysine in collagen formation, the hydroxylysines are _____
glycosylated
Following glycosylation of hydroxylysines, the collagen fibrils are assembeled into _____ and transported to the cell surface.
procollagen
At the ________, procollagen is cleaved into tropocollagen
cell surface
Collagen fibers consist of ____ alpha helices organized into procollagen
3
Type ____ collagen is found in bone, skin, tendons, dentin and scar tissue.
1
Fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and odontoblast are producers of ____ collagen
Type 1
Hyaline cartilage contains type ___ collagen. This collagen is produced by ___-oblasts
2,
chondro
Reticular fibers are made by fibroblasts and are type _ fibers.
3
Type 4 fibers are found in ____ membranes.
basement
Type 7 collagen anchors the _____ of cells to connective tissue
basement membrane
Type 10 collagen is found in the hypertrophic zone of devloping _____
bones
Elastic fibers contain 2 unusual amino acids, called ____ and ____
demosine
isodemosine
Collagen fibers are made of ____, which exhibit banding in microscopy
fibrils
_____ is a component of peripheral microfibrils around elastic fibers
Fibrillin
Extracellular matrix is subject to constant ____ by proteolytic enzymes
remodeling
Osteogenesis imperfect is a genetic defect involving type _ collagen that leads to bone fragility
1
Homocystinuria is a genetic defect that results in abnormal _____ crosslinking
collagen
_____ syndrome is a genetic defect in fibrillin 1. It results in a weakened arota of the heart.
Marfan
Alport syndrome is a genetic defect involving type _ collagen that results in catartacs and deafness
4
____ is a genetic defect involving a hydroxylase needed for type 3 collagen synthesis. It results in hyperelasticity of skin and hypermobility of joints
ehlers-danos syndrome.
Epithelial tumor cells that break down ____ can metastisize
basal lamina
Plasma cells are ovoid with an eccentrically placed nucleus with _____-_____ arranged heterochromatin
spoke wheel
_____ bind to Antigen-Ab complex on the parasite surface and release cytotoxins
Eisonophils
Eisonophils contain enzymes that cleave _____ and leukotriene-C to moderate allergic reactions
histamine
In wound healing, pericytes may differentiate into ____ or _____ muscle cells
fibroblasts
smooth
_____ connective tissue is found in adventitia of blood vessels and the lamina propria of intestine
loose
_____ connective tissue is found in lymph nodes
reticular
_____ is a key component of basement membranes that binds laminin with type 4 collagen
entactin
Elastin fibers are highly crosslinked via ____ residues
Lysine
_____ helps link fibrillin together
MAGP (microfibril-associated glycoprotein)
Matrix _______ break down Extracellular Matrix, allowing cancer cells to “go wandering”
metalloproteinases
