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Histology Exam 1 (Brendan) > Lecture 3-Cell Junctions/Surface Specializations > Flashcards

Lecture 3-Cell Junctions/Surface Specializations Flashcards

1
Q

2 classes of cell adhesion molecoules

A

Calcium dependent=cadherins, selectins

Calcium independent=integrins, immunoglobulin

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2
Q

Cadherins require calcium and maintain _____. They are are stabilized by an ____ cytoskeleton.

A

cell-cell contacts

actin

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3
Q

Binding of actin to cadherins is via ___

A

catenins

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4
Q

Loss of E-caderhin is associated with

A

tumor metastisis

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5
Q

Selectins require calcium and bind to ___ at ____ recognition domains

A

carbohydrates, carbohydrate

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6
Q

Selectins are found on ___ and blood cells, and are important for controlling movement of leukocytes from blood into tissues

A

endothelia

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7
Q

If you add a ____ agent to Calcium dependent adhesion molecoules, Ca will bind the agent and cells will ____

A

celating

come apart

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8
Q

Integrins are not calcium dependent. The binding site of integrin is on its _____ subunit (alpha or beta).

A

beta

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9
Q

The intracellular part of integrin binds to cytoskeletal ____ via binding proteins, while the extracellular portion binds to other ligands (ie laminin, fibronectin, tenascin, vitronectin.)

A

actin

bound via talin, viniculin, alpha actin

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10
Q

Immunoglobulins consist of a _____ on the extracellular portion of the cell.

A

Cell adhesion molecoule

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11
Q

____ and ____ molecoules play an important role in T cell interactions and binding of leukocytes to activated endothelial cells. (part of IgG super family)

A

ICAM and VCAM

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12
Q

_____ junctions determine epithelia polarity and prevent free passage across an epithelial layer by ions/proteins

A

Occluding (tight)

They separate the apical domain from the baolateral domain)

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13
Q

Occluding junctions interact with these 2 transmembrane proteins

A

Occludin and claudin

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14
Q

Nectins and Junctional Adhesion Molecoules (JAMS are present in ____ junctions.

A

Tight

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15
Q

Interaction between occludin and claudin regulates the _____ pathway

A

paracellular

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16
Q

A gene mutation in Claudin 16 causes

A

renal magnesium wasting syndrome

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17
Q

Tight Junctions are important parts of the blood brain barrier and can prevent ____

A

delivery of drugs

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18
Q

_____ are located below occulding juctions

A

Zonula Adherens

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19
Q

Zonula Adherens consist primarily of interactions between ____ and ____. They form a belt-like distribution around the cell

A

cadherins and catenins

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20
Q

Zonula adherens form a strong association due to interaction with ____ filaments in the cytoskeleton

A

Actin

21
Q

Desmosomes are spot like junctions and are stabilized by _____

A

intermediate filaments-including keratin and vimentin

22
Q

Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoantibody-mediated blistering disease in which antibodies against _____ cause a loss of adhesion of keratinocytes in the superficial layers of the epidermis

A

desmoglein 1

23
Q

______ anchor the basal portion of a cell to the basal lamina

A

hemidesmosomes

24
Q

Hemidesmosomes are the only ____ junction

A

assymetrical

25
Q

Hemidesmosomes consist of intermediate filaments bound to a protein complex containing ____. The comple is linked by integrins to the basal lamina by ____

A

plectin, laminin

26
Q

_____ junctions are communicating junctions between cells

A

Gap

27
Q

In gap junctions, 6 integral proteins called ___ associate to form ____

A

connexins, connexon

28
Q

Gap junctions link cells both chemically and _____ and are found in _____ muscle cells

A

electrically, cardiac

29
Q

A mutation in connexin 26 causes ____. A mutation in connexin 32 causes ______ _____ degeneration. Connexin 50 mutations can cause _____

A

deafness
peripheral nerve (aka Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropothies)
cataracts and blindness

30
Q

_____ increase surface area for absorption and contain an actin filament core that links into the _____ web.

A

Microvilli

Terminal

31
Q

Microvilli are often found in the ____

A

small intestine

32
Q

Cillia and flagella both have a ____ array of highly stable MTs

A

9 + 2

33
Q

Cilia consists of hairlike appendages that move fluid and develop from ____ bodies

A

basal

34
Q

2 functions of cilia: 1 in lung, 1 dealing with reproduction

A

sweep mucus and particulates away in lung

move egg to oviduct

35
Q

Flagella act as propellor for _____ motility. ____ provides force for movement

A

sperm, dyneins

36
Q

Loss of dynein in cilia leads to _____ syndrome, which causes poor respiratory clearance

A

kartagener’s

37
Q

Stereocilia have similar structure to microvilli but differ in that they are _____ and _____

A

longer and branch

38
Q

Stereocilia are typical of the ____ epithelium and cause an increase in ______

A

epididymal

surface area

39
Q

Leucocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 is characterized by recurren infections and is caused by mutations of _____

A

integrin

40
Q

Autosomal recessive glanzmann thrombasthenia is due to point mutations in _____

A

integrin

41
Q

Congenitial Muscular Dystrophy results in muscle weakness and is due to defects in the cytoskeletal linker protein ____

A

dystrophin

it is a major laminin binding integrin species

42
Q

Removal of calcium stops adhesion and makes ______ vulnerable to proteases

A

cadherins

43
Q

______ are important for controlling movement of leukocytes from blood into tissues

A

selectins

44
Q

_____ junctions are at the most apical portion of epithelium and define cell polarity.

A

Occluding

45
Q

_____ adherens is associated with actin and has a while beltlike distribution.

A

Zonula

46
Q

_____ adherens is associated with Intermediate filaments and has a spotlike distribution

A

Macula

47
Q

basal bodies of cilia are derived from _____

A

centrioles

48
Q

Autosomal recessive Glanzmann thrombaasthenia is due to integrin dysfunction and results in _____ dysfunction as well as prolonged bleeding time

A

platelet

49
Q

______ bullosa causes disruption of the mechanical link between the basement membrane and the basal keratinocyte layer

A

Epidermolysis

Histology Exam 1 (Brendan) (10 decks)

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