Lecture 4 - axial skeleton

Question 1

What are the 5 parts of bone shape classification?

Answer 1

short bones
long bones
flat bones
irregular bones
sesamoid bones

Question 2

What are 2 examples of short bones and what do they do|?

Answer 2

bones of ankle & wrist

serve as shock absorbers

Question 3

What are 2 examples of long bones and why do they exist?

Answer 3

femur & humerus (any bone whose length greatly exceeds its diameter
provide levers for movement

Question 4

What are 2 examples of flat bones, what do they do?

Answer 4

skull, scapula, sternum, clavicle, ribs

protect underlying organs

Question 5

What are 2 examples of irregular bones and what are their purposes?

Answer 5

• bones of face & vertebrae
• special functions, things happening all around them
• lots of muscle attachments because they are mobile

Question 6

What are sesmoid bones?

Answer 6

oval, pea-like, found in tendons
pulley
patella (knee cap)

Question 7

What kind of tissue is bone?

Answer 7

connective

Question 8

What are the 3 types of connective tissues?

Answer 8

the packing around organs and muscles
tendons,ligaments, cartilage
blood

Question 9

What is collagen?

Answer 9

the most abundant protein in the body

the protein that gives bone flexibility and resistance

Question 10

What are the two types of porosity in bones?

Answer 10

cortical - low porosity

spongy/cancellous bone - high porosity

Question 11

What to things do bones do as reactions to stress?

Answer 11

increase/decrease density

remodels (Changes shape)

Question 12

What does os mean?

Answer 12

bone

Question 13

What is a fossa?

a) a hollow
b) an enlargement for articular surface
c) bump for tendon attachment

Answer 13

a hollow

Question 14

What is a Condyle?

a) a hollow
b) an enlargement for articular surface
c) bump for tendon attachment

Answer 14

an enlargement for articular surface

Question 15

What is a tubercle?

a) a hollow
b) an enlargement for articular surface
c) bump for tendon attachment

Answer 15

bump of tendon attachment

Question 16

What does epi mean?

Answer 16

upon

Question 17

what does peri mean?

Answer 17

around

Question 18

what does artho mean?

Answer 18

having do do with the joints

Question 19

lHow many bones are in the skull?

a) 22
b) 26
c) 32

Answer 19

22

Question 20

How many bones make up the spinal column?

a) 22
b) 26
c) 31

Answer 20

26

Question 21

Which part is not a part of the spinal column?

a) cervical
b) thoracic
c) lumbar
d) sacrum
e) manubrum

Answer 21

manubrum

Question 22

How many bones fused together make up the sacrum?

Answer 22

5

Question 23

How many bones fused together make up the Coccyx?

Answer 23

4

Question 24

How many cervical vertebrae are there ?

Answer 24

7

Question 25

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 25

12

Question 26

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 26

5

Question 27

What is the thoracic cage?

Answer 27

12 pairs ribs attached to the thoracic vertebrae and held together by the costal cartilage

Question 28

What is the sternum made up of?

Answer 28

3 bones - manubrium, body, xiphoid process

the clavicles attach and 10 pairs of ribs

Question 29

Which vertebra articulates with the sacrum?

Answer 29

lumbar 5

Question 30

what vertebra articulates superior to T12?

Answer 30

T11

Question 31

Which vertebra articulates with the skull?

Answer 31

C1