Lecture 4 - axial skeleton Flashcards
What are the 5 parts of bone shape classification?
short bones long bones flat bones irregular bones sesamoid bones
What are 2 examples of short bones and what do they do|?
bones of ankle & wrist
serve as shock absorbers
What are 2 examples of long bones and why do they exist?
femur & humerus (any bone whose length greatly exceeds its diameter
provide levers for movement
What are 2 examples of flat bones, what do they do?
skull, scapula, sternum, clavicle, ribs
protect underlying organs
What are 2 examples of irregular bones and what are their purposes?
- bones of face & vertebrae
- special functions, things happening all around them
- lots of muscle attachments because they are mobile
What are sesmoid bones?
oval, pea-like, found in tendons
pulley
patella (knee cap)
What kind of tissue is bone?
connective
What are the 3 types of connective tissues?
the packing around organs and muscles
tendons,ligaments, cartilage
blood
What is collagen?
the most abundant protein in the body
the protein that gives bone flexibility and resistance
What are the two types of porosity in bones?
cortical - low porosity
spongy/cancellous bone - high porosity
What to things do bones do as reactions to stress?
increase/decrease density
remodels (Changes shape)
What does os mean?
bone
What is a fossa?
a) a hollow
b) an enlargement for articular surface
c) bump for tendon attachment
a hollow
What is a Condyle?
a) a hollow
b) an enlargement for articular surface
c) bump for tendon attachment
an enlargement for articular surface
What is a tubercle?
a) a hollow
b) an enlargement for articular surface
c) bump for tendon attachment
bump of tendon attachment
What does epi mean?
upon
what does peri mean?
around
what does artho mean?
having do do with the joints
lHow many bones are in the skull?
a) 22
b) 26
c) 32
22
How many bones make up the spinal column?
a) 22
b) 26
c) 31
26
Which part is not a part of the spinal column?
a) cervical
b) thoracic
c) lumbar
d) sacrum
e) manubrum
manubrum
How many bones fused together make up the sacrum?
5
How many bones fused together make up the Coccyx?
4
How many cervical vertebrae are there ?
7
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
What is the thoracic cage?
12 pairs ribs attached to the thoracic vertebrae and held together by the costal cartilage
What is the sternum made up of?
3 bones - manubrium, body, xiphoid process
the clavicles attach and 10 pairs of ribs
Which vertebra articulates with the sacrum?
lumbar 5
what vertebra articulates superior to T12?
T11
Which vertebra articulates with the skull?
C1
