Lecture 17 - Energy Flashcards
What two major things do muscles need to contract?
- neural drive
- energy (ATP)
What are the 5 ways energy can be transformed into?
- Solar
- thermal
- chemical
- electrical
- mechanical
How much of the body is potential energy reserve?
50%
What is free energy?
- energy that drives photosynthesis in plants
What is bound chemical energy?
energy that is stored as carbohydrates or fat
What type of energy is stored in high energy phosphates?
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Why is ATP considered the “universal energy donor”?
it couples the energy released from breakdown of food into a usable form of energy required by all cells
What do all chemical reactions in the body require? What are these reactions called?
Free energy, metabolism
What is ATP required for?
= to supply free energy for muscle contraction
What are the 3 ____ pathways to produce ATP?
The 3 metabolic pathways are:
- Stored phosphocreatine
- Anaerobic Glycolysis
- Oxidative formation of ATP (Aerobic)
Which is the fastest of the 3 metabolic pathways to create ATP?
Stored phosphocreation is the fastest
Anaerobic Glycolysis is the second fastest, slowest is oxidative formation
Which of the 3 metabolic pathways to create ATP is/are anaerobic?
Stored phosphocreatine
Anaerobic glycolysis
Explain the production of ATP through Stored Phosphocreatine.
- provides rapid supply of ATP (is the simplest and fastest
- limited stores
- lasts less than 10 seconds
- takes 3 min to be full
- Anaerobic alactate (no lactic acid)
- creatine monohydrate supplementation
- training does little to increase capacity
- produce very large amound in short time
Explain Anaerobic Glycolysis (a production of ATP).
- breakdown of glucose(glycogen)
- transfer bound energy from glucose to rejoin P to ADP
- occurs in sarcoplasm of muscle cell
- provides ATP for 20sec to 3 min
- byproduct: lactic acid
- also called anaerobic lactate system
- creates 2 molecules of ATP
What is the difference between ADP and ATP?
ADP has one less phosphate group (di or tri-phosphate)
What is Lactic Acid used to do?
- store pyruvate and hydrogen ions until they can be processed by the aerobic system
What does training make lactic acid do?
go up in the muscle to stop the muscles from working (more training makes the muscles last longer)
What is the primary source of substrates?
Carbohydrates (starches and sugars)
dietary source for glucose
What are Carbohydrates primary energy fuels for(4 organs)?
brain, muscles, heart, liver
What is the Anaerobic Threshold?
- exercise intensity when lactic acid begins to accumulate in the blood
- point in exercise when you feel discomfort and burning sensations in muscles
- also estimated by ventilatory threshold: when you breath heavier
- the more fit you are the higher your anaerobic threshold
What are 4 effects of training on the anaerobic system?
- reduce rate of lactate production
- increase rate of lactate elimination (increase lactic acid deffusion from active muscles, increase muscle blood flow, increase metabolism)
- improve tolerance to increased acidity
- athletes have lots more blood flow in their muscles
