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Kin 121 - Basis of Physical Activity > Lecture 15 - Contraction > Flashcards

Lecture 15 - Contraction Flashcards

1
Q

What do forces do?

A

move levers about axes

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of Human muscle tissue?

A
  1. Smooth Muscle
  2. Cardiac Muscle
  3. Skeletal Muscle
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3
Q

What is smooth muscle?

A
  • involuntary

- blood vessels, organs, iris

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4
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A
  • involuntary
  • self-generating impulses
  • features of smooth and skeletal muscle
  • fatigue resistant
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5
Q

What is skeletal muscle?

A
  • striated (looks striated under a microscope)
  • connects body segments by tendons
  • voluntary (volitional)
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6
Q

What is a muscle cell?

A
  • size of a thin human hair (can be 12cm (4.5 inches)

- multinucleated cylindrical cell

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7
Q

what is the sarcolemma?

A

the cell membrane

  • porous
  • electrical impulse travels down it to create a muscle contraction
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8
Q

What is sarcoplasm?

A

cytoplasm of the muscle cell

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9
Q

myofibrils are what?

A

the content of a muscle fibre that is made of contractile proteins

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10
Q

What does actin do for a muscle cell?

A

Actin is thin filament, forms the framework, slides over myosin filaments

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11
Q

what is the sarcomere?

A

“functional” unit of a muscle fibre, they shorten when the muscle contracts

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12
Q

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

labyrinth of tubules inside muscle fibre

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13
Q

What connects the sarcoplasmic reticulum with the sarcolema?

A

T-tubules - transverse tubules

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14
Q

What are the myofibrils, fibres, and bundles of fibres surrounded by in the muscle?

A

connective tissue

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15
Q

What is connective tissue made of?

A

Collagen

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16
Q

Why are muscles attached to bones?

A

to create movement

17
Q

What are tendons?

A

strong fibrous tissues that attach muscle to bones

18
Q

What are myofilaments?

A

myosin and actin

19
Q

what drives a muscle to contract?

A

A nerural impulse - in the form of an action potential

20
Q

What are neural impulses?

A

electrical currents that pass along nerve fibres

21
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

when motor nerves innervate many muscle fibres

22
Q

What do impulses cross between adjoining nerves?

A

Synapses

23
Q

What do impulses cross to innervate muscle?

A

Motor end plate

24
Q

What neurotransmitter is used to cross gaps?

A

Acetylcholine

25
Q

What order do impulses travel in?

A
  • over the sarcolemma
  • through the & tubules
  • cause calcium to release from storage in sarcoplasmic reticulum
26
Q

What causes a contraction to stop?

A
  • when a neural impulse is absent and calcium is reabsorbed into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Kin 121 - Basis of Physical Activity (14 decks)

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