Lecture 4 Flashcards
what were fields used for historically?
food/fibre/fuel production
what was the basis of food production?
colonial settlements
what was est for animal production?
“commons”
why did city dwellers no longer have the need to grow their own food?
large scale farming & public markets grew
what were the challenges that the American pop faced in the late 19th & 20th century ?
economic challenges of war, depression & inner-city decline
what effect did the financial market crash have on urban agriculture?
high unemployment led to the establishment of garden programs on vacant
lots
what led to “depression gardens”?
the great depression in the 1930s
what are war gardens, victory gardens, or food gardens for defence ?
during WWI & WWII food shortages led to the campaign of these gardens
what pusched agriculture out of cities post WWII?
urban sprawl
&
economic boom
post WWII what caused the role of the local food chain to diminish?
industrialization & globalization
post WWII - zoning codes excluded agriculture as what?
recognize land use
what movement in the 70s led to the development of community gardens?
grass-root movements
what did the USDA sponsor in 1997-1996?
urban garden programs
what led to the cause of a decline in community gardens? & why?
hot real estate market & economic boom
land was more valuable for a building than a garden
what rekindled the interest in community gardens?
Economic crash in 2008, along with high global food prices & concerns for the envr
what are the 6 phases of urban agriculture promotion in Canada?
- 1890-1930 - the CPR planted gardens to encourage settlement & make railways more appealing – after WWII these plantings stopped with more common use of automobiles
- 1990-1913 - school curriculum included gardening & students were required to grow a garden
- WWI & WWII - relief gardens and/or victory gardens were encouraged to support the war effort
- B/w WW I & WW II – vacant lots or land were used for food production and employment for the poor
- 1965-1979 - “counter-culture movement” progressed urban agriculture “out of concerns for the envr, E crisis & natural preservation & self-sufficiency”
- 1980s - open spaces movement developed primarily to promote mental health benefits of open-spaces & green-spaces
what are the recent motivations for urban agriculture? (7)
global oil crisis
economic instability
Concerns about food security & safety
Concerns for the envr
concerns for health & nutrition
Failures in urban renewal
belief that things need to change
what business led to the crash of the cuban economy?
sugar-cane production
what was the result of unsustainable farming practices in Cuba?
deforestation, water pollution, soil degradation, & loss of biodiversity
what countries supported the cuban economy crash? & how did they do it?
the soviet union, china & eastern Europe
Provided market for sugar & cheap oil
what caused further economic crisis in cuba?
collapse of the soviet union in 1990
what was the “special period”?
the average caloric, PRO & vitamin intake dropped 30%
How did urban agriculture improve the life of cubans?
provide econonmic growth & employment
what was the major diff b/w urban agriculture & traditional agriculture in Cuba?
operating in an organic situation b/c they didn’t have access to fertilizers & pesticides etc. instead use compositing & natrual pesticides
