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Plant > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

how many elements are required for plant growth?

A

16

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2
Q

what elements are acquired from water & air?

A

C

H

O

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3
Q

how many elements are acquired from the soil?

A

13

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4
Q

what type of nutrients are required in large amounts?

A

macronutrients

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5
Q

what are the primary macronutrients?

A

N, P, K

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6
Q

what are the secondary macronutrients?

A

Ca, S, Mg

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7
Q

secondary nutrients are required in ________ amounts than primary macronutrients

A

smaller

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8
Q

what nutrients are required in relatively small amounts?

A

micronutrients

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9
Q

what are the micronutrients?

A

B - boron

Mn - Manganese

Zn - Zinc

Fe - iron

Mo - Molybdenum

Cu - copper

Cl - chlorine

Ni - nickel

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10
Q

how many micronutrients are there?

A

8

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11
Q

what nutrient do broccoli & onion plants require more of?

A

S

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12
Q

what is the result of a deficiency in an essential nutrient?

A

abnormal growth

failure to complete life cycle

or premature death

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13
Q

what are essential nutrients directly involved with?

A

plant growth or metabolism

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14
Q

describe the nutrient content in urban soils

A

unbalanced - deficient in some & excess in others

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15
Q

describe the movement of mobile nutrients

A

relocate from older tissues to new tissues

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16
Q

what are the mobile nutrients?

A

N, P, K, Mg

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17
Q

if a plant has a nutrient deficiency, where is it initially seen?

A

older tissues

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18
Q

where do less mobile nutrients reside?

A

older tissues

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19
Q

what nutrients have variable mobility?

A

S, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo, Cl

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20
Q

what are the least mobile nutrients?

A

Ca, Mn, B

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21
Q

where would a plant initially display nutrient deficiency symptoms it is deficient in Ca, Mn or B?

A

younger tissues

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22
Q

acute nutrient deficiency

A

Deficiency is severe and plants no longer have sufficient nutrients to support rapid growth

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23
Q

chronic nutrient deficiency

A

Nutrient supply is limited and insufficient to support rapid growth

slow growth, plant stunting

24
Q

chronic nutrient deficiency symptoms are ______ specific than acute nutrient deficiency

A

less

25
Q

what factors affect nutrient availability?

A

soil moisture

aeration

pH

temperature

26
Q

chlorosis

A

lack of chlorophyll leading to yellow or white leaf colour

27
Q

necrosis

A

tissue death

28
Q

branching

A

new shoots coming out of leaf axels

29
Q

tillering

A

producing new branches from the base

30
Q

what are the common symptoms of nutrient deficiency? (6)

A

chlorosis

purple colouring

necrosis

stunting

lack of branching or tillering

poorly shaped leaves

31
Q

symptoms of nutrient deficiency may be similar to symptoms caused by what? (5)

A

lack of water

excess water

salts

insects

plant pathogens

32
Q

what measures need to be taken to determine the cause of a plant’s symptoms?

A

Observe whole plant envr, location of symptoms & plant to plant variation

33
Q

what is N critical for?

A

plant processes (ex: NAs, PROs)

34
Q

what are the symptoms of a N deficency?

A

Uniform leaf chlorosis (yellowing) in older leaves first

Plant stunting or new leaves smaller

Spindly plants

35
Q

what are the symptoms of excess N?

A 
Excessive vegetative growth at expense of
reproductive growth (tall but no fruits)

Reduce quality

Lodging (falling over)

36
Q

phosphorus is absorbed as _________ ions

A

orthophosphate

37
Q

what are the orthophosphate ions absorbed by plants?

A

H2PO4

HPO42-

38
Q

what are the 3 molecules that P is found in?

A

PROs, DNA & RNA

39
Q

what is the main role of P in plants?

A

E transfer in the plant (ATP & ADP)

40
Q

what are the symptoms of P deficiency? (4)

A

Poor root growth and delayed maturity

stunting, short internodes

Dark blue, purple or red-purple coloration – appear first in older leaves

few flowers & poor fruit

41
Q

what factors influence the availability of P?

A

Often bound to soil particles

optimum pH 5.5-7.0

Dry or cool soils reduce availability

42
Q

what form is N absorbed by plants?

A

ammonium (NH4a+)

nitrate (NO3-)

43
Q

what form is K absorbed by plants?

A

ionic form (K+)

44
Q

what is the role of K?

A

catalyst for regulatory enzymes

Photosynthesis, translocation, PRO synthesis, starch storage, meristematic growth

45
Q

what are the symptoms of K deficiency? (5)

A

poor growth

Yellow scorching or “firing” on leaf margins

weak stems

Delayed maturity, uneven ripening

Shriveled fruit

46
Q

where is a k deficiency commonly found?

A

sandy or healthy leached soils

47
Q

leached

A

lots of rainfall

48
Q

what form is Ca absorbed by plants?

A

Ca2+ ions

49
Q

what is the role of Ca?

A

cell growth & division

Cell wall formation

N accumulation

50
Q

what are the symptoms of Ca deficiency? (6)

A

Defective terminal bud development

Improper leaf margin formation

chlorosis with brown or black scorching

Tip die-back

Blossom end rot

Poor root growth (short and thickened)

51
Q

what form is S absorbed by plants?

A

SO42-

52
Q

what is the role of S?

A

essential component of PROs & AAs

PRO & chlorophyll syn

unique flavours in some vegetables (ex: onions & cabbage)

53
Q

what are the symptoms of S deficiency? (3)

A

chlorotic foliage

Weak, thin stems

Hard and woody

54
Q

what form is Mg absorbed by plants?

A

Mg2+

55
Q

what is the role of Mg?

A

central atom in chlorophyll structure

involved in fat & sugar formation

56
Q

what are the symptoms of Mg deficiency? (5)

A

appear in older leaves first

Interveinal chlorotic mottling

leaf margins become yellow or reddish purple

Mottling of the older leaves

leaf may become stiff & brittle​

Plant (21 decks)

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