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Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

how many elements are required for plant growth?

A

16

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2
Q

what elements are acquired from water & air?

A

C

H

O

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3
Q

how many elements are acquired from the soil?

A

13

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4
Q

what type of nutrients are required in large amounts?

A

macronutrients

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5
Q

what are the primary macronutrients?

A

N, P, K

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6
Q

what are the secondary macronutrients?

A

Ca, S, Mg

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7
Q

secondary nutrients are required in ________ amounts than primary macronutrients

A

smaller

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8
Q

what nutrients are required in relatively small amounts?

A

micronutrients

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9
Q

what are the micronutrients?

A

B - boron

Mn - Manganese

Zn - Zinc

Fe - iron

Mo - Molybdenum

Cu - copper

Cl - chlorine

Ni - nickel

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10
Q

how many micronutrients are there?

A

8

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11
Q

what nutrient do broccoli & onion plants require more of?

A

S

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12
Q

what is the result of a deficiency in an essential nutrient?

A

abnormal growth

failure to complete life cycle

or premature death

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13
Q

what are essential nutrients directly involved with?

A

plant growth or metabolism

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14
Q

describe the nutrient content in urban soils

A

unbalanced - deficient in some & excess in others

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15
Q

describe the movement of mobile nutrients

A

relocate from older tissues to new tissues

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16
Q

what are the mobile nutrients?

A

N, P, K, Mg

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17
Q

if a plant has a nutrient deficiency, where is it initially seen?

A

older tissues

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18
Q

where do less mobile nutrients reside?

A

older tissues

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19
Q

what nutrients have variable mobility?

A

S, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo, Cl

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20
Q

what are the least mobile nutrients?

A

Ca, Mn, B

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21
Q

where would a plant initially display nutrient deficiency symptoms it is deficient in Ca, Mn or B?

A

younger tissues

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22
Q

acute nutrient deficiency

A

Deficiency is severe and plants no longer have sufficient nutrients to support rapid growth

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23
Q

chronic nutrient deficiency

A

Nutrient supply is limited and insufficient to support rapid growth

slow growth, plant stunting

24
Q

chronic nutrient deficiency symptoms are ______ specific than acute nutrient deficiency

25
what factors affect nutrient availability?
soil moisture aeration pH temperature
26
chlorosis
lack of chlorophyll leading to yellow or white leaf colour
27
necrosis
tissue death
28
branching
new shoots coming out of leaf axels
29
tillering
producing new branches from the base
30
what are the common symptoms of nutrient deficiency? (6)
chlorosis purple colouring necrosis stunting lack of branching or tillering poorly shaped leaves
31
symptoms of nutrient deficiency may be similar to symptoms caused by what? (5)
lack of water excess water salts insects plant pathogens
32
what measures need to be taken to determine the cause of a plant's symptoms?
Observe whole plant envr, location of symptoms & plant to plant variation
33
what is N critical for?
plant processes (ex: NAs, PROs)
34
what are the symptoms of a N deficency?
Uniform leaf chlorosis (yellowing) in older leaves first Plant stunting or new leaves smaller Spindly plants
35
what are the symptoms of excess N?
``` Excessive vegetative growth at expense of reproductive growth (tall but no fruits) ``` Reduce quality Lodging (falling over)
36
phosphorus is absorbed as _________ ions
orthophosphate
37
what are the orthophosphate ions absorbed by plants?
H2PO4 HPO42-
38
what are the 3 molecules that P is found in?
PROs, DNA & RNA
39
what is the main role of P in plants?
E transfer in the plant (ATP & ADP)
40
what are the symptoms of P deficiency? (4)
Poor root growth and delayed maturity stunting, short internodes Dark blue, purple or red-purple coloration – appear first in older leaves few flowers & poor fruit
41
what factors influence the availability of P?
Often bound to soil particles optimum pH 5.5-7.0 Dry or cool soils reduce availability
42
what form is N absorbed by plants?
ammonium (NH4a+) nitrate (NO3-)
43
what form is K absorbed by plants?
ionic form (K+)
44
what is the role of K?
catalyst for regulatory enzymes Photosynthesis, translocation, PRO synthesis, starch storage, meristematic growth
45
what are the symptoms of K deficiency? (5)
poor growth Yellow scorching or “firing” on leaf margins weak stems Delayed maturity, uneven ripening Shriveled fruit
46
where is a k deficiency commonly found?
sandy or healthy leached soils
47
leached
lots of rainfall
48
what form is Ca absorbed by plants?
Ca2+ ions
49
what is the role of Ca?
cell growth & division Cell wall formation N accumulation
50
what are the symptoms of Ca deficiency? (6)
Defective terminal bud development Improper leaf margin formation chlorosis with brown or black scorching Tip die-back Blossom end rot Poor root growth (short and thickened)
51
what form is S absorbed by plants?
SO42-
52
what is the role of S?
essential component of PROs & AAs PRO & chlorophyll syn unique flavours in some vegetables (ex: onions & cabbage)
53
what are the symptoms of S deficiency? (3)
chlorotic foliage Weak, thin stems Hard and woody
54
what form is Mg absorbed by plants?
Mg2+
55
what is the role of Mg?
central atom in chlorophyll structure involved in fat & sugar formation
56
what are the symptoms of Mg deficiency? (5)
appear in older leaves first Interveinal chlorotic mottling leaf margins become yellow or reddish purple Mottling of the older leaves leaf may become stiff & brittle​

Plant (21 decks)

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