Lecture 18

Question 1

are annual or perennial weeds more difficult to control?

Answer 1

perennial

Question 2

when should annuals be controlled?

Answer 2

while in seedling stage

Question 3

when should you remove annuals?

Answer 3

at the reproductive stage or reproduce vegetative

Question 4

can you compost annual weeds?

Answer 4

not if they have set seed

Question 5

can you compost perennials?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

when is the best time to control perennials?

Answer 6

varies with spp

Question 7

how do you mechanically/manually control weeds? (3)

Answer 7

hand pull b/w plants

Hoe, cultivate, mow,
rototill b/w rows/plants

other tools that fit the space

Question 8

which manual/mechanical method is easiest to do when the soil is moist?

Answer 8

hand pull b/w plants

Question 9

which manual/mechanical method is easiest to do when the soil is dry?

Answer 9

Hoe, cultivate, mow,

rototill b/w rows/plants

Question 10

what form of weed control suppresses weeds b/w crops?

Answer 10

green manure

Question 11

what form of weed control suppresses weeds b/w plants/rows?

Answer 11

mulches

Question 12

what are the 2 forms of mulches?

Answer 12

organic or inorganic

Question 13

T or F - mulches preserve soil moisture

Answer 13

T

Question 14

what are the methods to control weeds? (4)

Answer 14

Manual/mechanical

green manures

mulches

chemical

Question 15

what are possible materials for organic mulches?

Answer 15

straw or hay, grass clippings, leaves, newspaper, compost, wood chips, sawdust

or a combo

Question 16

when applying mulches, what are the factors important for plant growth that you don’t want to interfere with? (2)

Answer 16

air and water movement

Question 17

what are the benefits of organic mulches? (4)

Answer 17

can provide nutrients

can provide soil structure

Support worms, soil micro-organisms, etc.

moderate soil temp

Question 18

organic mulch fine particles (ex: composted leaves) should be applied ______ cm deep

Answer 18

5-7

Question 19

organic mulch coarse particles (ex: leaves) should be applied ______ cm deep

Answer 19

up to 10

Question 20

which materials for organic mulches should be mixed? (3)

Answer 20

straw, paper, or grass clippings

Question 21

what organic mulch materials have the potential to introduce weed seeds? (2)

Answer 21

straw or hay

Question 22

what are possible materials for inorganic mulches?

Answer 22

plastic films, biodegradable films, landscape cloth etc.

Question 23

what form of mulches are more suited to large scale or specific landscaping practices?

Answer 23

inorganic

Question 24

which form of mulches are more commonly used for perennials?

Answer 24

inorganic

Question 25

when is it difficult to use chemical weed control? (2)

Answer 25

wide range of plants in a small space urban settings

Question 26

what are the most common uses for chemical weed control? (3)

Answer 26

pre-plant lawn care difficult to control perennial weeds

Question 27

chemical weed control necessity is limited by what factor?

Answer 27

scale of production

Question 28

what form of weed control may be have bylaws that prohibit use in some regions?

Answer 28

chemical weed control

Question 29

pruning/pinching

Answer 29

Remove diseased or injured tissue

Question 30

what does pruning/pinching control? (4)

Answer 30

size of plant shape of plant fruit size & number uniform maturity

Question 31

what do diseases reduce in the produce? (3)

Answer 31

productivity quality storage ability of produce

Question 32

what are the 2 strategies for disease control?

Answer 32

cultural or chemical

Question 33

what are the ways to practice cultural control of disease? (8)

Answer 33

Use disease free seed or vegetative parts choose resistant varieties Rotate crops within garden avoid working when foliage is wet & water soil not plants spruce or prune to improve air circulation Remove diseased plant parts and dispose of properly control disease spreading insects practice good sanitation (tools & hands)

Question 34

what do leaf hoppers spread in carrots?

Answer 34

aster yellows

Question 35

what insect spreads cucumber mosaic virus?

Answer 35

aphids

Question 36

what are the ways to practice good sanitation in the garden?

Answer 36

Clean tools – hot soapy water or soak in 10% bleach Wash hands, clothing, etc.

Question 37

___________ _________ can be confused with disease | or increase susceptibility to disease

Answer 37

Nutrient deficiencies

Question 38

what are the 2 options for chemical control of disease?

Answer 38

Inorganic and organic options

Question 39

what is very important to consider when using chemical means for control of disease?

Answer 39

time b/w application & harvest

Question 40

what plants does late blight effect?

Answer 40

tomato potato Solanaceae weeds

Question 41

what is used to control late blight in commercial production?

Answer 41

Fungicides

Question 42

what is used to prevent late blight?

Answer 42

Organic systems – copper based prevention products

Question 43

how do you prevent late blight from spreading?

Answer 43

Remove diseased plants or plant parts

Question 44

what conditions is powdery mildew commonly seen?

Answer 44

humid conditions shady areas

Question 45

what are the ways to control/prevent powdery mildew? (5)

Answer 45

Grow resistant varieties prune plant canopy to improve circulation don't overwater remove diseased plant parts use sulphur or neem oil to control