Lecture 3f: Non-Allelic Interactions Flashcards

1
Q

the process by which the expression of two or more genes influences one another in different ways as an organism develops a single characteristic. The majority of the traits that comprise living beings are coordinated by various genes.

A

gene interaction

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2
Q

an alternate form of a gene in which the alleles that affect a particular character are present at the same locus of the gene

A

allelic gene

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3
Q

an alternate form of a gene in which the alleles that affect a particular character are present at different loci of the gene

A

non-allelic gene

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4
Q

location: On the same location of the homologous chromosome
effects: Could form lethal genes and cause death

A

allelic gene

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5
Q

gene interaction types of allelic genes

A

Incomplete dominance, lethal factor, multiple alleles, etc.

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6
Q

location: On different locations of the homologous chromosome
effect: Could not affect phenotypes but cause an inhibitory effect on other non-allelic genes

A

non-allelic gene

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7
Q

gene interaction types in non-allelic genes

A

Simple interaction, complementary factor, epistasis, inhibitory factor, etc.

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8
Q

classical ratio of allelic/non-allelic gene interaction

A

3:1 or 9:3:3:1

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9
Q
  • Interaction between alleles at different genes (loci) can result in Epistasis
  • Can have varying effects on the phenotype
A

Non-Allelic/Epistatic gene interaction

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10
Q

Novel Phenotype ratio

A

9:3:3:1

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11
Q

New phenotypes result from interaction between dominants; and also from interaction from homozygous recessives.

A

novel phenotype 9:3:3:1

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12
Q

There is complete dominance of both gene pairs, but either recessive
homozygote recessive is epistatic to the effects of the other gene

A

complementary gene action 9 : 7

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13
Q

complementary gene action ratio

A

9 : 7

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14
Q

Homozygote is epistatic to the effects of the other gene.

A

complementary gene action 9 : 7

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15
Q

duplicate gene action ratio

A

15:1

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16
Q

There is complete dominance at both gene pairs, but either gene when dominant, is epistatic to the other

A

duplicate gene action 15:1

17
Q

There is complete dominance at both gene pairs, but one gene when homozygous recessive, masks the effect of the other

A

recessive epistasis 9:3:4

18
Q

recessive epistasis ratio

19
Q

There is complete dominance at both gene pairs, but one gene, when dominant masks the effect of the other.

A

Dominant Epistasis 12:3:1

20
Q
  1. dominant epistasis ratio
21
Q

There is complete dominance at both gene pairs, but one gene, when dominant masks the effect of the other.

A

dominant epistasis

22
Q
  1. dominant epistasis ratio
23
Q
  • There is complete dominance at both gene pairs, but one gene when dominant, is epistatic to the second.
  • The second gene, when homozygous recessive, is epistatic to the first.
A

dominant recessive 13:3

24
Q

non-allelic gene interactions

A
  1. novel phenotype (9:3:3:1)
  2. complementary gene action (9:7)
  3. duplicate gene action (15:1)
  4. recessive epistasis (9:3:4)
  5. dominant epistasis (12:3:1)
  6. dominant epistasis (13:3)
25
example of novel phenotype
chicken combs
26
example of complementary gene action
petal colors in sweat pea flowers
27
examples of recessive epistasis
- coat color in mice - onion bulb color - labrador dog coat color
28
example of dominant epistasis (12:3:1)
fruit color in squash
29
example of dominant epistasis (13:3)
feather color in fowl (chicken breeds)
30
example of duplicate gene action
shape of seed capsule in Sheperd's purse
31
the inheritance of one gene does not influence the inheritance of the other gene.
law of independent assortment
32
Each genotype results in a unique phenotype
novel phenotype
33
At least one dominant allele from each of the two genes needed for phenotype
Complementary gene action
34
Homozyous recessive genotype at one locus masks expression at second locus
recessive epistasis
35
Dominant allele at one locus masks expression at second locus
dominant epistasis
36
One dominant allele from either of two genes needed for phenotype
duplicate gene action