Lecture 3b: Multiple alleles Flashcards
three or more alleles of the same gene are found
multiple alleles
characterized by the presence of antigens on the surface of erythrocytes
AB Blood types
Blood type determination: mix unknown blood sample with __ containing Type A or Type B __
- antiserum
- antibodies
Discovered the ABO Blood Group System in 1901
Karl Landsteiner
were working under Landsteiner discovered type AB a year later in 1902.
Adriano Sturli and Alfred von Decastello
World Blood Donor Day
June 14 (Birthdate of Landteiner)
Components of the blood
- 55% plasma
- 45% solid substances
contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds oxygen
red blood cells
fight infection
white blood cells
help the blood to clot
platelets
contains salts and various kinds of proteins
plasma
The differences in human blood are due to the presence or absence of certain protein molecules called __ and __.
- antigens
- antibodies
located on the surface of the red blood cells
antigens
in the blood plasma
antibodies
If you belong to the blood group A, you have __ on the surface of your red blood cells and __ in your blood plasma.
- A antigens
- B antibodies
If you belong to the blood group B, you have __ on the surface of your red blood cells and __ in your blood plasma.
- B antigens
- A antibodies
If you belong to the blood group AB, you have __ on the surface of your red blood cells and __ in your blood plasma.
- A and B antigens
- no A or B antibodies
If you belong to the blood group 0 (null), you have __ on the surface of your red blood cells but __ in your blood plasma.
- neither A or B antigens
- have A and B antibodies
universal donor
type O
universal recipient
type AB
Result when the fetal blood type is different from the mother’s blood type.
ABO incompatibility
What are the signs symptoms of ABO incompatibility in the neonate?
- Pale-looking skin
- Yellow coloring of your baby’s umbilical cord, skin, and the whites of their eyes (jaundice)
- newborn may have a big liver and spleen.
- newborn with hydrops fetalis* may have severe swelling of their entire body.
a condition in which large amounts of fluid build up in a baby’s tissues and organs, causing extensive swelling (edema)
fetalis
RH Blood Groups first detected in __
Rhesus monkey
Rh blood groups gained attention because of reported cases of Rh incompatibilities in
married couples (__)
- Erythroblastosis fetalis
three closely linked genes C, D and E with two alleles each.
Fisher-Race System
In fisher-rase system, -presence of at least one D results in __
- __ and __ not immunologically significant
- Rh+ phenotype
- C and E
induced neurological damage
bilirubin
an injectable drug that is used to protect an Rh+ fetus from antibodies in an Rh- mother’s blood and to prevent Rh allergy in the mother.
RhoGAM: RhO(D) immune globulin
Codominant inheritance blood group
MN Blood group
MN Blood group is under the control of an autosomal locus in __
chromosome #4
Who discovered MN Blood groups
Land Steiner and Levine (1927)
Antigens M and N are encoded by polymorphic genes __ and __
- GYPA
- GYPB
