LECTURE 34

Question 1

anterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 1

GH
AcTH
TSH
FSH
LH
MSH

Question 2

posterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 2

ADH

Oxytocin

Question 3

Adrenal Cortex hormones?

Answer 3

cortisol
aldosterone
androstienedione

Question 4

thyroid gland hormones?

Answer 4

thyroxine (T4)
tri-iodothyronine (T3)
calcitonin

Question 5

pancreas hormones?

Answer 5

insulin
glucagon
somatostatin

Question 6

parathyroid hormone?

Answer 6

parathormone (PTH)

Question 7

liver hormone?

Answer 7

somatomedin

Question 8

hormones produced by the ovaries?

Answer 8

estrogens, progesterone

Question 9

hormones produced by the testes?

Answer 9

testosterone

Question 10

hormones produced by the placenta?

Answer 10

estrogens, progesterone, HCG

Question 11

3-180 aa’s, long, fast, specific, short lasting, 2nd messengers, most hormones? polypeptides or steroids

Answer 11

polypeptides

Question 12

cholesterol based, slow, broad functions, long lasting, gene expression, used for growth and maturation? polypeptides or steroids

Answer 12

steroids

Question 13

what converts cholesterol to pregnenalone and then what is the enzyme that converts this to estrogen, testosterone, cortisol and aldosterone?

Answer 13

desmolase, rate limiting

hydroxylate isomerize

Question 14

what is the fate of carbohydrate?

Answer 14

it gets turned into glucose sent to liver, muscle, and adipocytes which then becomes CO2 + ATP, glycogen

Question 15

what is the fate of protein?

Answer 15

it gets turned into amino acid sent to the muscle and adipocytes when then becomes CO2+ATP, glycogen, and protein

Question 16

what is the fate of fat?

Answer 16

it gets turned into FFAs then sent to adipocytes to become CO2+ATP and triglycerides

Question 17

in fasting state, glycogen is sent to the liver which breaks it down to glucose and used by what organ?

Answer 17

brain

Question 18

in fasting state, protein is sent to the muscle which breaks it down to amino acids and used by what organ?

Answer 18

liver

Question 19

in fasting state, triglycerides are broken down by adipocytes into FFAs and then used by what organs?

Answer 19

muscle
liver
others

Question 20

insulin and glucagon are steroids or polypeptides? where are they from?

Answer 20

polypeptides

islets of langerhans

Question 21

this peptide is measured in the blood to get more accurate measure of insulin release?

Answer 21

c-peptide

Question 22

insulin circulates in the blood largely in a bound or unbound state?

Answer 22

unbound state

Question 23

insulin has what ind of effect on hepatocyte glucose transporter?

Answer 23

no effect

Question 24

these organs use insulin independent glucose transporters? they keep working during bad times too

Answer 24

brain, kidney and GI tract

Question 25

increased fat metabolism often leads to what disease?

Answer 25

atheroscherosis and other circulatory problems like heart attack, stroke, gangrene and blindness

Question 26

what is the best treatment for insulin type I or juvenile onset diabetes?

Answer 26

insulin injections

Question 27

what is the best treatment for insulin type II or adult onset diabetes?

Answer 27

diet

Question 28

describe ADH?

Answer 28

polypeptide hormone made by the magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus

Question 29

what stimulates the release of ADH?

Answer 29

osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
(increase osmolarity, decrease BP and BV)

arterial baroreceptors reflex

cardiopulmonary reflexes (low blood volume)

Question 30

what are the actions of the ADH? what disease is associated with this hormone?

Answer 30

receptors on cells of renal DCT and collecting duct

aquaporin-2
arteriolar constriction

diabetes insipidus

Question 31

what type of hormone is growth hormone, steroid or polypeptide?

Answer 31

polypeptide