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COB Histology > Lecture 32: Upper GI Histology I > Flashcards

Lecture 32: Upper GI Histology I Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the general epithelium of the GI tract

A

Stratified squamous at either end and simple columnar epithelium most of length with glands

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2
Q

Describe the general musculature of the GI tract

A

Skeletal muscle at either end and smooth muscle for most of length

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3
Q

What causes intrinsic rhythmicity (including peristalsis) of GI tract?

A

Mostly due to enteric nervous system, but also receives input from sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

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4
Q

Name 3 peptide neurotransmitters

A

Bombesin, Motilin, vasoactive intestinal peptide

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5
Q

Describe protective mechanisms of GI tract

A

Production of large amounts of mucous, rapid turnover of epithelial cells in harsh environments such as the stomach and small intestine

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6
Q

Components of oral cavity mucosa

A

Stratified squamous epithelium, basement membrane, lamina propria; lip has core of skeletal muscle and internal poorly keratinized stratified squamous epithelium on lamina propria with high papillae

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7
Q

Cheek

A

Structure similar to lip, but with abundant elastic fibers in submucosa - continuous with fibers surrounding striated muscle and lamina propria = distensibility

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8
Q

What three embryonic tissues interact in development of teeth?

A

Ectoderm forms enamel organ, Neural crest and mesoderm give rise to dental papilla

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9
Q

List the three structures derived from the epithelial bud

A
  1. Enamel organ: forms enamel, caps dental papilla
  2. Dental papilla: condensation of mesenchyme that gives rise to dentin and pulp
  3. Dental sac/follicle: CT sac surrounding enamel organ and dental papilla and forms cementum and periodontal membrane
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10
Q

Odontoblasts

A

Form dentin matrix, single layer of cells lining pulp cavity; contain Tomes’ dentinal fibers and increment lines of Ebner and Owen

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11
Q

Tomes’ dentinal fibers

A

Cytoplasmic extensions of odontoblasts continuing through predentin and dentinal layers to dentin-enamel junction; occupy dentinal tubules

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12
Q

Ameloblasts

A

Form enamel which covers only tooth crown; each prism of enamel is formed by one ameloblast; secreting apical domains = Tomes’ processes; increment lines of Retzius = periods of rhythmic growth

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13
Q

Enamel

A

Hardest substance in body, 96% inorganic salts, 4% organic material and water; laid down in prisms

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14
Q

Pulp

A

Originates from dental papilla containing condensed mesenchyme

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15
Q

Cementum

A

Cells of dental sac differentiate into cementoblasts which deposit cementum on dentin of root from neck to apex; cementum has coarse collagen fibers (Sharpey’s) in a bone-like calcified matrix - holds teeth in place

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16
Q

Periodontal membrane

A

CT formed from dental sac; highly metabolically active; binds cementum to bony socket. Allows limited movement, absorbs pressure of mastication and prevents from damaging alveolar bone

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17
Q

What is the sulcus terminalis?

A

Boundary between the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue

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18
Q

Lingual papillae

A

Appear on oral portion as surface projections - formed of a central core of CT lamina propria covered by stratified squamous epithelium (4 types)

19
Q

Filiform papillae

A

Most numerous, conical appearance, evenly distributed over entire oral upper portion; lack taste buds

20
Q

Fungiform papillae

A

Relatively few in number, interspersed singly among parallel rows of filiform papillae; Taste buds present only on oral surface of epithelium in contradistinction to the position of the taste buds on the circumvallate papillae whose taste buds are primarily located in lateral walls

21
Q

Foliate papillae

A

Rudimentary in humans; pharyngeal portion free of papillae but contains lingual tonsils

22
Q

Circumvallate papillae

A

Located along sulcus terminalis as projections surrounded by a “moat”; taste buds present on lateral walls; Ducts of von Ebner’s glands open into moat

23
Q

Sustentacular cells

A

Supportive spindle shaped cells arranged like barrel staves to surround inner taste pore at the base (part of taste bud derived from single stem cell)

24
Q

Taste cell

A

Receptor; each cell is long and slender with elongated central nucleus and terminates as short taste hair which projects into external opening called outer taste pore; apical microvilli with taste receptors; basal part of cell releases neurotransmitters; distributed between supporting cell (derived from single stem cell)

25
Q

Name the 4 layers of the gut tube

A

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis Externa, Adventitia/Serosa

26
Q

Mucosa of gut tube

A

Stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium; secretory/absorptive/protective functions; lamina propria with loose areolar CT, 1-3 smooth muscle layers

27
Q

Submucosa of gut tube

A

Vascularized, dense irregular CT, containing Meissner’s nerve plexus

28
Q

Meissner’s plexus

A

Plexus of the enteric nervous system that regulates local secretions, blood flow, and absorption

29
Q

Muscularis externa of gut tube

A

Inner circular layer of smooth muscle, outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle; regulates size of lumen and rhythmic lumen of gut tube; contains Auerbach’s nerve plexus

30
Q

Myenteric/Auerbach’s plexus

A

Plexus of the enteric nervous system that coordinates muscle activity of the gut wall

31
Q

Serosa/Adventitia of gut tube

A

Dense irregular CT forming peritoneum and including adipose tissue

32
Q

What immunoglobulin is the first line of defense found coating the mucosal epithelium?

A

IgA

33
Q

M cells

A

Specialized squamous cells which transport food antigens to lymph follicles

34
Q

Functions of esophagus

A

Digest food, add mucous to food bolus

35
Q

Specialization in mucosa of esophagus

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium, mucous glands in lamina propria and submucosa

36
Q

Specialization in muscularis of esophagus

A

Transition from skeletal muscle in upper third to mixture of skeletal/smooth muscle in middle third and only smooth muscle in lower third

37
Q

Esophageal-Stomach transition zone

A

Transition from stratified squamous epithelium in esophagus to simple columnar epithelium of stomach; frequent site of cancer

38
Q

Gastric mucosa

A

Consists of simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells; protective insoluble mucous; rugae

39
Q

Rugae of stomach

A

mucosal folds most prominent in empty stomach; NOT associated with increased surface area

40
Q

Cardia of stomach

A

Lies opposite apex of heart, contains mostly mucous glands

41
Q

Fundus of stomach

A

Contains gastric glands, mucous neck cells, parietal cells, chief cells, stem cells, enteroendocrine cells

42
Q

Body of stomach

A

Contains gastric glands (long tubular glands extending down into muscularis mucosae)

43
Q

Pylorus of stomach

A

Contains mucous glands and hormone-secreting enteroendocrine cells

COB Histology (24 decks)

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