Lecture 31: Renal Histology II

Question 1

What type of epithelium makes up thick segments of the loop of Henle?

Answer 1

Simple low cuboidal epithelium

Question 2

What type of epithelium makes up thin segments of the loop of Henle?

Answer 2

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 3

Which part of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water?

Answer 3

Ascending limb

Question 4

Main function of the loop of Henle

Answer 4

Establish countercurrent exchange system which creates osmotic conditions necessary to pull water out of the distal convoluted tubule/collecting duct in the presence of ADH

Question 5

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 5

Lined with simple cuboidal epithelium (smaller cells than PCT); larger lumen than PCT and no brush border; less eosinophilic cytoplasm than PCT; IMPERMEABLE TO WATER except in the presence of ADH

Question 6

ADH

Answer 6

Antidiuretic hormone/Vasopressin; derived from posterior pituitary and functions to reduce water loss

Question 7

Collecting duct

Answer 7

Simple cuboidal epithelium, has two major specialized cells

Question 8

Principal cells

Answer 8

Reabsorb Na+ ions and H2O and secrete K+ via ATPase pump

Question 9

Intercalated cells

Answer 9

Secrete H+ or HCO3- ion

Question 10

Mucosa of renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder

Answer 10

Transitional epithelium, basement membrane, lamina propria of FECT; some loose lymphoid tissue and smooth muscle cells

Question 11

Muscularis of renal pelvis, ureter, bladder

Answer 11

Inner longitudinal and outer circular smooth muscle coat in ureter; lower 3rd of ureter has a third external longitudinal coat; layers of smooth muscle in urinary bladder form detrusor muscle

Question 12

Adventitia

Answer 12

FECT external to muscularis, serosa (contact with body cavity) over superior surface of bladder

Question 13

Prostatic urethra in males

Answer 13

Long, passes through prostate gland; mucosa lined with transitional epithelium; highly vascularized with veins and elastic tissue

Question 14

Membranous urethra in males

Answer 14

Short, tall pseudostratified columnar cells, extends through urogenital diaphragm and receives striated (voluntary) muscle cells forming external sphincter of bladder

Question 15

Cavernous urethra in males

Answer 15

Lined with pseudostratified epithelium with patches of stratified squamous epithelium

Question 16

Lacunae of Morgagni

Answer 16

Invaginations of mucous membrane containing single or groups of intraepithelial mucous cells (gland)

Question 17

Glands of Littre

Answer 17

Branched tubular glands opening into lacunae of Morgagni (more prominent, look like branched tree)

Question 18

Female urethra

Answer 18

Mucosa lined primarily with stratified or pseudostratified columnar epithelium and intraepithelial nests of mucous glands
Lamina propria highly vascularized with veins, elastic tissue
Undiscernible submucosa and adventitia
Muscularis not well defined

Question 19

Angiotensin II

Answer 19

Stimulates secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex which acts on principal cells of collecting ducts and thick ascending limb of Henle; increases reabsorption of Na+ and water which increases blood pressure and stimulates release of ADH