Lecture 32 - Staph Aureus Flashcards
Features of Staph aureus
1)
2)
3)
1) Gram + cocci
2) Non-motile
3) Facultative anaerobes
Where does Staph aureus normally inhabit? 1) 2) 3) 4)
1) URT
2) Skin
3) Vagina
4) Intestine
Examples of SA virulence factors 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)
1) Exfoliative toxins
2) Enterotoxins
3) Haemolysins
4) Lipases, proteases, DNAases
5) Leukocidins
6) Protein A
7) Beta-lactamase
Protein A
Binds Fc of IgG
Most common serious SA infections
1)
2)
3)
1) Haematogenous spread
2) Endocarditis
3) Osteomyelitis
How long did it take SA to become resistant to penicillin?
1-2 years
How long did it take SA to become resistant to methicillin?
Under 1 year
How long did it take for 25% of SA in hospitals to be resistant to penicillin?
6 years
How long did it take for 25% of SA in hospitals to be resistant to methicillin?
20 years
Is MRSA more or less virulent than normal SA?
Less virulent
Number of people in the USA who are colonised with SA
89.4 million
When is SA most dangerous?
When it gets into the bloodstream, causes metastatic infections (endocarditis, osteomyelitis/septic arthritis, discitis/epidural abscesses)
SA bacteraemia incidence in Australia
35/100,000 people
ANZCOSS
1)
2)
3)
1) Australia New Zealand Cooperative on Outcomes in Staphylococcal sepsis
2) Prospective observational cohort study of Staph bloodstream infections
3) Shows that chance of dying of staph bacteraemia increases with age
Size of SA genome
2.8MB
Proportion of SA genome that is core genome
~75%
Amino acid conservation of core genome between SA strains
98-100%