Lecture 26 - Genetics and Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

Uses of comparative genomics
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Rational vaccine design
2) Novel drug targets
3) Diagnosis using DNA sequencing

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2
Q

Example of comparative genomic population sample

A

1000 N. meningitidis samples from meningococcal patients

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3
Q

Uses of population analysis
1)
2)

A

1) Trace evolution (resistances, virulence determinants)

2) Trace spread

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4
Q

Read mapping
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Used to compare the genomes of different bacteria
2) Instead of sequencing the entire genome by constructing a contig (de novo asembly), compare reads to a reference genome
3) Match reads with reference, look for SNPs

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5
Q

Phylogenetics

A

Inferring phylogeny from a set of taxa

Estimate the evolutionary relationship between taxa

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6
Q

Epidemiology

A

Science of evaluating occurrence, determinants, distribution, control of health and disease in a set human population

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7
Q

Example of population dynamics

A

Evolution due to the new selective pressure of a vaccine

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8
Q

Phylogeography

A
Used to map how strains spread in space
Combine phylogenetics (evolution) with location of outbreaks
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9
Q
How did the 2011 Haiti cholera outbreak occur?
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) Cholera strain was identified as an Asian strain
2) Nepalese soldiers subcontracted sewage disposal to local company.
3) Sewage was dumped in an open pit, which flowed into drinking water during rains
4) A 2bp difference was found between current Nepalese cholera and Haitian outbreak strain (using genomics)

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10
Q

MRCA

A

Most recent common ancestor

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