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Bacteriology > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Killing mechanism by NK cells
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Bind to target cell
2) Release granzymes, granulysin, perforins
3) Host cell, bacteria killed

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2
Q

Role of granulysin

A

Kill bacteria within host cell

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3
Q

Role of granzymes

A

Target cell undergoes apoptosis

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4
Q 
CD8 killing of target cell
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) CD8 TCR binds to antigen presented on MHCI
2) Tc releases granzymes, granulysin, perforins
3) Perforins form holes in target cell membrane
4) Granulysins and granzyme enters target cell. Granulysins kill bacteria, granzyme makes target cell undergo apoptosis

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5
Q 
Roles of antibodies
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) Opsonin
2) Neutralise toxins
3) Prevent adhesion to host-cell structures
4) Activate complement proteins

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6
Q

Which antibodies are good at activating classical complement pathway?

A

IgG1, IgG3

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7
Q

Which antibodies can activate alternative pathway?

A

IgM

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8
Q

Which antibodies have a J chain?

A

Dimeric IgA, pentameric IgM

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9
Q

What are two important binding sites on the Fc region of antibodies?

A

1) Complement-binding region

2) Phagocyte receptor-binding region

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10
Q

Pathways of antigen presentation
1)
2)
3)

A

1) MHC I
2) MHC II
3) CD1

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11
Q

MCH I pathway of antigen presentation

A

1) Cytosolic protein is degraded in proteosome
2) Antigenic protein is brought into ER by TAP (transport associated protein)
3) Antigen associates with MHC I
4) MHC I-antigen complex brought to cell surface

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12
Q

MHC II pathway of antigen presentation

A

1) Extracellular antigen is phagocytosed
2) MHC II leaves endosome in a vesicle, invariant chain dissociates from MHC II
3) Endosome containing antigen fuses with endosome containing MHC II
4) Antigen and MHC II complex
5) MHC II-antigen complex brought to cell surface

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13
Q

MHC I coreceptor

A

CD8

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14
Q

MHC II coreceptor

A

CD4

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15
Q

CD1 pathway of antigen presentation

A

1) Mannose receptor and CD14 bind lipid antigen
2) In early endosome, lipid antigen binds CD1
3) CD1 displayed on surface of cell

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16
Q

CD1 coreceptor

A

CD3 (displayed on some CD4 and CD8 T cells)

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17
Q

Main function of Th1

A

Control viral and intracellular bacteria

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18
Q

Main function of Th2

A

Control extracellular bacteria, metazoan infections

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19
Q

Cytokines for Th1 bias

A

IFNg

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20
Q

Which Th type does IFNg bias towards?

A

Th1

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21
Q

Cytokines for Th2 bias

A

IL-4

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22
Q

Which Th type does Th4 bias towards?

A

Th2

23
Q

Cytokines for Th17 bias

A

TGFb
IL-6
IL-21
IL-23

24
Q

Which Th type do TGFb, IL-6, IL-21 and IL-23 bias towards?

A

Th17

25
Q

Cytokines for Treg bias

A

TGFb

26
Q

Which Th type does TGFb bias towards?

A

1) Only TGFb –> Treg

2) TGFb with IL-6, IL-21, IL-23 –> Th17

27
Q

Which factors are secreted by Th1?

A

TNFa
IFNg
IL-2

28
Q

Which Th cell secretes TNFa, IFNg and IL-2?

A

Th1

29
Q

Which factors are secreted by Th2?

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-10
IL-13

30
Q

Which Th secretes IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13?

A

Th2

31
Q

Which factors are secreted by Th17?

A

IL-6
IL-17
TNFa

32
Q

Which Th secretes IL-6, IL-17, TNFa?

A

Th17

33
Q

Which factors are secreted by Treg?

A

TGFb

IL-10

34
Q

Which Th secretes TGFb, IL-10?

A

Treg

35
Q

Function of IFNg
1)
2)

A

1) Macrophage activation

2) Tc activation

36
Q

TNFa function
1)
2)

A

1) Tc activation

2) Inflammation

37
Q

IL-4 function

A

Antibody synthesis (IgG1, IgE)

38
Q

IL-5 function

A

Eosinophil activation

39
Q

Which interleukin activates eosinophils?

A

IL-5

40
Q

Which interleukin promotes synthesis of IgG1 and IgE?

A

IL-4

41
Q

IL-10 function

A

Downregulate immune response

42
Q

IL-13 function

A

Downregulate immune response

43
Q

Which interleukins downregulate the immune response?

A

IL-10. IL-13, TGFb

44
Q

Which interleukins are responsible for inflammation?

A

IL-6
IL-17
TNFa

45
Q

Function of IL-17

A

Recruit neutrophils

This leads to inflammation

46
Q

Costimulatory molecules required for B cell activation

A

CD28 on T cell

CD 80, CD86 on B cell

47
Q

Can B cells be stimulated independently of T cells?

A

Yes

With repeating epitopes (EG: nucleic acids, polysaccharides)

48
Q

Antibodies produced with T cell independent B cell activation

A

IgG2, IgM

49
Q

Antibody types that can use pIgR

A

IgA, IgM

50
Q

IL-6 function

A

Promote liver to release acute phase proteins

51
Q 
Factors released by macrophages
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
A

1) IL-1
2) IL-6
3) IL-8
4) IL-12
5) TNFa

52
Q

Effect of IL-12 on NK cells

A

Increases NK release of IFNg

53
Q

Effect of IFNg on Th1

A

Stimulates Th1 to stimulate B cells

Bacteriology (29 decks)

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