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Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Killing mechanism by NK cells
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Bind to target cell
2) Release granzymes, granulysin, perforins
3) Host cell, bacteria killed

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2
Q

Role of granulysin

A

Kill bacteria within host cell

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3
Q

Role of granzymes

A

Target cell undergoes apoptosis

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4
Q 
CD8 killing of target cell
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) CD8 TCR binds to antigen presented on MHCI
2) Tc releases granzymes, granulysin, perforins
3) Perforins form holes in target cell membrane
4) Granulysins and granzyme enters target cell. Granulysins kill bacteria, granzyme makes target cell undergo apoptosis

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5
Q 
Roles of antibodies
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) Opsonin
2) Neutralise toxins
3) Prevent adhesion to host-cell structures
4) Activate complement proteins

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6
Q

Which antibodies are good at activating classical complement pathway?

A

IgG1, IgG3

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7
Q

Which antibodies can activate alternative pathway?

A

IgM

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8
Q

Which antibodies have a J chain?

A

Dimeric IgA, pentameric IgM

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9
Q

What are two important binding sites on the Fc region of antibodies?

A

1) Complement-binding region

2) Phagocyte receptor-binding region

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10
Q

Pathways of antigen presentation
1)
2)
3)

A

1) MHC I
2) MHC II
3) CD1

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11
Q

MCH I pathway of antigen presentation

A

1) Cytosolic protein is degraded in proteosome
2) Antigenic protein is brought into ER by TAP (transport associated protein)
3) Antigen associates with MHC I
4) MHC I-antigen complex brought to cell surface

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12
Q

MHC II pathway of antigen presentation

A

1) Extracellular antigen is phagocytosed
2) MHC II leaves endosome in a vesicle, invariant chain dissociates from MHC II
3) Endosome containing antigen fuses with endosome containing MHC II
4) Antigen and MHC II complex
5) MHC II-antigen complex brought to cell surface

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13
Q

MHC I coreceptor

A

CD8

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14
Q

MHC II coreceptor

A

CD4

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15
Q

CD1 pathway of antigen presentation

A

1) Mannose receptor and CD14 bind lipid antigen
2) In early endosome, lipid antigen binds CD1
3) CD1 displayed on surface of cell

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16
Q

CD1 coreceptor

A

CD3 (displayed on some CD4 and CD8 T cells)

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17
Q

Main function of Th1

A

Control viral and intracellular bacteria

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18
Q

Main function of Th2

A

Control extracellular bacteria, metazoan infections

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19
Q

Cytokines for Th1 bias

A

IFNg

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20
Q

Which Th type does IFNg bias towards?

A

Th1

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21
Q

Cytokines for Th2 bias

A

IL-4

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22
Q

Which Th type does Th4 bias towards?

23
Q

Cytokines for Th17 bias

A

TGFb
IL-6
IL-21
IL-23

24
Q

Which Th type do TGFb, IL-6, IL-21 and IL-23 bias towards?

25
Cytokines for Treg bias
TGFb
26
Which Th type does TGFb bias towards?
1) Only TGFb --> Treg | 2) TGFb with IL-6, IL-21, IL-23 --> Th17
27
Which factors are secreted by Th1?
TNFa IFNg IL-2
28
Which Th cell secretes TNFa, IFNg and IL-2?
Th1
29
Which factors are secreted by Th2?
IL-4 IL-5 IL-10 IL-13
30
Which Th secretes IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13?
Th2
31
Which factors are secreted by Th17?
IL-6 IL-17 TNFa
32
Which Th secretes IL-6, IL-17, TNFa?
Th17
33
Which factors are secreted by Treg?
TGFb | IL-10
34
Which Th secretes TGFb, IL-10?
Treg
35
Function of IFNg 1) 2)
1) Macrophage activation | 2) Tc activation
36
TNFa function 1) 2)
1) Tc activation | 2) Inflammation
37
IL-4 function
Antibody synthesis (IgG1, IgE)
38
IL-5 function
Eosinophil activation
39
Which interleukin activates eosinophils?
IL-5
40
Which interleukin promotes synthesis of IgG1 and IgE?
IL-4
41
IL-10 function
Downregulate immune response
42
IL-13 function
Downregulate immune response
43
Which interleukins downregulate the immune response?
IL-10. IL-13, TGFb
44
Which interleukins are responsible for inflammation?
IL-6 IL-17 TNFa
45
Function of IL-17
Recruit neutrophils | This leads to inflammation
46
Costimulatory molecules required for B cell activation
CD28 on T cell | CD 80, CD86 on B cell
47
Can B cells be stimulated independently of T cells?
Yes | With repeating epitopes (EG: nucleic acids, polysaccharides)
48
Antibodies produced with T cell independent B cell activation
IgG2, IgM
49
Antibody types that can use pIgR
IgA, IgM
50
IL-6 function
Promote liver to release acute phase proteins
51
``` Factors released by macrophages 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) ```
1) IL-1 2) IL-6 3) IL-8 4) IL-12 5) TNFa
52
Effect of IL-12 on NK cells
Increases NK release of IFNg
53
Effect of IFNg on Th1
Stimulates Th1 to stimulate B cells

Bacteriology (29 decks)

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