Lecture 30 Responding to Critical Incidents Flashcards
What is a Major Incident?
An event or situation requiring a response under one or more emergency services major incident plans.
What is a Critical Incident?
A response which satisfies the needs of the victim, their family or community but also provides the proportionate outcome to an incident.
What is JESIP?
The Joint Emergency Services Interoperability
Joint Decision Model (JDM)
METHANE MNEMONIC?
M- Major Incident Declared
E- Exact Location
T- Type of Incident
H- Hazards present or suspected
A- Access routes that are safe
N- Number, type and severity of casualties
E- Emergency services present and those required
ASSESS RISK & DEVELOP A WORKING STRATEGY…
Identification of hazards- This will begin from the initial call received by a control room. Information and intelligence gathered by individual agencies must be disseminated to all first responders and control rooms.
Dynamic Risk Assessment- undertaken by individual agencies, reflecting the objects/tasks to be achieved.
Identification - of the Tasks-each individual agency should identify and consider the specific tasks within its own role and responsibility.
Apply control measures- each agency should consider and apply appropriate control measures to ensure risk is as low as reasonably practicable.
Integrated multi-agency operational response plan- the development of this plan should consider the outcomes of the hazard assessment, and service risk assessments within the context of the agreed priorities of the incident.
Recording of Decision- the outcomes of the joint assessment of risk should be recorded, together with the identified priorities and the agreed multi- agency response plan, when resources permit.
EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE DISPOSAL & GRADING (EOD)?
RED- a threat believed to have come from a terrorist group, with specific information
AMBER- same as above, with no specific information
STANDARD – a threat not believed to have come from a terrorist group
What are the Recommended cordon distances?
100m – Smaller items, e.g. rucksacks or briefcase
200m- Medium items, e.g. suitcase, wheelie bins or cars
400m- Larger items, e.g. vans or lorries
PREPARATION FOR EOD, 5 C’S?
C- CONFIRM- Have you confirmed presence of object exact location, position and characteristics
C- CLEAR- Has the public been cleared away, evacuation & evacuation of nearby premises.
C-COMMUNICATION - Describe Location and subjects, explain type of incident, accuracy,
Brevity & Clarity. Use stay safe if appropriate
C- CONTAIN - Observe object/ movements if safe to do so
C- COVER –Take appropriate cover
INFORMATION REQUIRED FROM SCENE FOR EOD – 5 W’S?
What is it? Prepare a description of the item-what does it look like?
Where is it? What is the best means of approach, are there any
obstacles or nearby hazards?
When was it found? Do you know when it wasn’t there? (Has it been moved since it was found?)
Why? Is it suspicious? What part of the HOT protocol makes you think it is suspicious?
Who has seen it? Keep any witnesses available so they can report what they saw.
First Responder Actions to… A Chemical, Biological, Radiological & Nuclear Incident. (CBRN)?
The new CBRN (e) Joint Operating Principles involves representatives across the emergency services at the national CBRN Centre.
The governments new National CBRN (e) Operational Response Framework, is developed to reflect up to date scientific evidence to provide a rapid, flexible and scalable response to a CBRN (e) incident.
INITIAL OPERATIONAL RESPONSE (IOR)
• Ask control for s CBRN specialist
• Check for secondary device if safe to do so
• Apply the decision-making model by applying the
• 1-2-3 Steps/plus
STEP 1-2-3 PLUS..
1. Step 1: 1 person incapacitated, with no obvious reason. Approach using standard protocols.
2. Step 2: 2 people incapacitated with no obvious reason. Approach with caution using standard protocols.
3. Step 3: 3 people or more people in close proximity, incapacitated with no obvious reason. Use caution and…
Plus means Evacuate!
• Get people away from the scene of contamination
• Communicate & Advise
• Disrobe
• Decontamination
What are the ZONES FOR CONTAMINATION?
• Hot Zone –immediate contaminated area
• Inner Cordon- 100 metres from last point of contaminated area, only staff in PE.
(Protective equipment)
• Warm Zone- Straddles the inner cordon where decontamination takes place with
staff in PE
• Outer Zone- 200 metres from inner cordon.
What are the three removes?
If you think someone has been exposed to a HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
Remove Themselves…… From immediate area to avoid further exposure. Fresh air is important If skin is itchy or painful, find a water source. Report to emergency services
Remove Outer Clothing… If affected by the substance. Try and avoid pulling clothing over the head if possible. Do not smoke, eat or drink. Do not pull off clothing stuck to skin.
Remove The substance… from skin using dry absorbent material to either soak up or brush it off Rinse continually with water if the skin is itchy or painful
Definition of White Powder?
A suspicious unidentified powder, of any colour, not believed to be explosive or drugs
Definition of a Substance?
A suspicious unidentified, solid liquid, gel, crystal or granular material, of any colour, not believed to be explosives or drugs
FIRST RESPONDER ACTIONS AT A WHITE POWDER INCIDENT?
- Inform control room and ask for a CBRN specialist
- Do not get yourself contaminated
- Isolate package and cover it: Bin liner, plastic bag
- Close doors and windows
- Turn the Air Conditioning off (if safe to do so).
- Tell casualties not to eat, drink or wash hands, in case the powder reacts.
- Same initial actions, in relation to clothing and dabbing substances off with white roll.
- Where do we put the casualty (outside uphill if possible)
