Lecture 2 National Decision Making Model Complete

Question 1

What is CIAPOAR?

Answer 1

C- Code of ethics
I- Information and Intelligence 
A- Assess the threat and risk 
P- Policy and Powers
O- Options and contingencies
A- Action
R- Review

Question 2

What is the Code of Ethics element?

Answer 2

Is what I’m considering consistent with the statement of mission and values.(to ensure that decisions reflect an understanding of the police duty to act with integrity , be willing to take risks and protect the human rights of all.)

Throughout a situation, decision makers should ask themselves:
•Is what I am considering consistent with the Code of Ethics?
•What would the victim or community affected expect of me in this situation?
•What does the police service expect of me in this situation?
•Is this action or decision likely to reflect positively on my professionalism and
policing generally?
•Could I explain my action or decision in public?

Question 3

What is the Information and Intelligence element?

Answer 3

Information is the Raw Material, Intelligence is the evaluation of that information.

The decision maker defines the situation defines what is happening or has happened and clarifies matters relating to any initial information and intelligence.
Decision makers could ask themselves:

• What is happening?
• What do I know so far?
• What do I not know?
• What further information (or intelligence) do I want/need at this moment?

By sorting through the information and intelligence available - try and pick out :
Who – is at risk – a victim
Who – is presenting the risk – a subject
Where – do we need to consider – location
Time – is there a collapsing time frame to consider

We should use the subject, witness and location triangle. The closer these stakeholders are the higher the risk, the further away they are the lower the risk.

Apply ICII to each person or group.

Question 4

What is the Assess Threat and Risk and develop a working strategy element?

Answer 4

Assess the threats and risks to the victim and all other parties.

The process of identifying the likelihood of harm being caused and the scale of consequence should it be caused.
Threat Assessment should be graded:
- High
- Medium
- Low
- Unknown

Types of harm: -

• Physical injury
• Financial
• Reputational
• Disruption

Developing a working strategy is about defining the objective of any action.
E.g Minimise the risk to the public and maximise the safety to officers.

Question 5

What is the Powers and Policy element?

Answer 5

Do the police actually have the powers to act?

• What human rights/ domestic legislation applies?
• Is there any national/ local guidance or policy covering this type of situation?
• What multi- agency protocols are applicable?
• If it may involve the police entering an address – what power can we utilise ?
• If we need to intervene somehow and perhaps arrest – what for and why is it necessary ?
• If we need to use some form of force – what level, why and what makes it lawful ?

Question 6

What is the Identify Options and Contingencies?

Answer 6

What could I do and why could I do it? And what is our plan b?

• We need to make a list of everything that is possible to do in this circumstances
• We then look back at the strategy formed earlier - what we need to achieve and what are priorities are
• We compare our strategy with our list of what we could do and narrow it down to which is the best option to achieve our strategy

Previous experience, common sense and use of specialist are the key, as well as logical thinking!

Question 7

What is the take action and review element?

Answer 7

Carry out our plan and then see how it goes. Does it need to change my plan – what can I learn?

Ask yourself:

• Can we resource it?
• Can we achieve it?
• Have we recorded how we got to this point and why we are doing what we are?
• Can I justify my actions and the plan if challenged?

Question 8

What are the nine policing principles?

Answer 8

F: Fairness
O: Objectivity 
O: Openness
L: Leadership
S: Selflessness

H: Honesty
A: Accountability
I: Integrity
R: Respect

Question 9

What is the ICII model for information and intelligence?

Answer 9

I - Identity
C – Capability
I - Intention
I - Immediacy

Question 10

Actions must be PLANE, what is this?

Answer 10

Proportionate 
Lawful
Accountable 
Necessary 
Ethical

Question 11

What are the 10 standards of professional behaviour?

Answer 11

1. Honesty and Integrity
2. Authority, respect, courtesy
3. Equality and diversity
4. Use of force
5. Orders and instructions
6. Duties and Responsibilities
7. Confidentiality
8. Fitness for duty
9. Conduct
10. Challenging and reporting improper conduct