Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EDKP-206 > Lecture 3 - Tissue Mechanics: Bone & Cartilage > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Tissue Mechanics: Bone & Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What two principle structure components are found in bone?

A

collagen and hydroxyapatite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is collagen?

A

organic material found in all the body’s connective tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the % of bone organic content does collagen make up?

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the % of bone dry weight does collagen make up?

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of collagen is found in bones?

A

type I collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are hydroxyapatites?

A

calcium phosphate-based mineral found primarily between the collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the % of bone dry weight does hydroxyapatite make up?

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can hydroxyapatites be found?

A

in crystal form as a mineral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is bone growth?

A

from immature to mature bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is woven bone?

A

immature bone with cartilage fibers randomly distributed to give some strength in all directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do osteoclasts do?

A

dig tunnels into the bones as it matures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do osteoblasts do?

A

dig tunnels with type I collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do osteocytes do?

A

mineralize collagen with hydroxyapatites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are osteons?

A

the hollow canals which represent the structural units of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the biomechanics of bones determined by?

A

gravity, PA, hormones, age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Functions of bones

A
  1. protect internal organs
  2. support body weight
  3. provide rigid kinetic links and muscle attachment sites
  4. facilitates muscle action
  5. storage for minerals
  6. manufactures blood cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 2 kinds of bones?

A

cortical and cancellous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What kind of bone is cortical bone?

A

dense bone (compact)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where are cortical bones found?

A

in the mid shaft of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What % of skeletal mass does cortical bone comprise?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What % of bone surface does cortical bone comprise?

A

33%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What kind of bone is cancellous bone?

A

spongy or trabecular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What % of skeletal mass does cancellous bone comprise?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What % of bone surface does cancellous bone comprise?

A

67%

25
Q

Where are cancellous bones found?

A

in the interior of the femoral head

26
Q

What is Wolff’s Law?

A

form = function

27
Q

What does an applied bending moment in bones create?

A

compression and tension

28
Q

What are the loading modes of bones?

A

tension, compression, torsion, shear, bending

29
Q

What are cortical bones’ response to strain?

A

2%

30
Q

What are cancellous bones’ response to strain?

A

7%

31
Q

How are bones classified?

A

anisotropic

32
Q

What does anisotropic mean?

A

different mechanical properties in different directions

33
Q

Which bone is stronger and stiffer for more strenuous activities?

A

cortical bones

34
Q

What happens at very high strain rates?

A

ultimate strain decreases and cortical bone exhibits a ductile (due to viscous properties)

35
Q

What do changes in mechanical properties of bone depend on?

A

age and activity

36
Q

Are are the 5 steps of fracture healing?

A
  1. inflammatory response
  2. repairs cells gather at fracture site
  3. in 2 weeks, a callus begins to form
  4. callus calcifies and becomes woven bone
  5. woven bone undergoes remodelin
37
Q

When does callus strength increase?

A

as bone mineral density increase

38
Q

What are the 3 kinds of cartilage?

A

articular cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

39
Q

Where is articular cartilage found?

A

in synovial joints to permit motion between bony segments

40
Q

Examples of articular cartilage

A

hip, knee, elbow

41
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

inflexible and tough, considerable tensile and compressive strength

42
Q

Examples of fibrocartilage

A

annulus fibrosis of the intervertebral disc, meniscus

43
Q

What is the function of elastic cartilage?

A

helps to maintain the shape of structures

44
Q

Examples of elastic cartilage

A

ear, trachea

45
Q

Does cartilage have a blood supply?

A

no

46
Q

How are joints enclosed?

A

in a fibrous tissue capsule

47
Q

What is the fibrous tissue capsule lined with?

A

the synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid

48
Q

What does articular cartilage in synovial joints provide?

A

a bearing surface to reduce friction and wear by helping to distribute loads between opposing bones

49
Q

What is cartilage mostly made of?

A

water (70-85%)

50
Q

What is the remainder of cartilage mostly made of?

A

proteoglycans, collagen, lipids

51
Q

What makes the electrical charge of the proteoglycan spread out?

A

the electrical charge

52
Q

What is the spread of proteoglycans limited by?

A

the collagen framework, contributing to the compressive stiffness

53
Q

What happens when the collagen framework is damaged?

A

the compressive stiffness decreases

54
Q

What is the mechanical response of cartilage linked to?

A

the flow of fluid through the tissue

55
Q

What is viscoelasticity?

A

time dependant behaviour due to a fluid-like component

56
Q

What is anisotropic?

A

different properties in different directions

57
Q

As the water content in cartilage increases…

A

cartilage becomes less stiff and more permeable

58
Q

How does mechanical failure of cartilage happen?

A

by shear stress more than tensile

EDKP-206 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions