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EDKP-206 > Lecture 1 - Introduction to Biomechanics > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Introduction to Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What is biomechanics?

A

The science of movement of the living body

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2
Q

What is kinematics?

A

The study of motion without regard to forces that cause that motion

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3
Q

What is kinetics?

A

The study of motion under the action of forces

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4
Q

What are the planes of movement?

A
  1. Sagittal
  2. Frontal/coronal
  3. Transverse
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5
Q

What are the axes of movement?

A
  1. Anterior/posterior
  2. Longitudinal
  3. Medial/lateral
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6
Q

What axis does the sagittal plane move about?

A

Mediolateral axis

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7
Q

What axis does the frontal plane move about?

A

Anteroposterior axis

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8
Q

What axis does the transverse plane move about?

A

Longitudinal axis

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9
Q

What is the global coordinate system?

A
  1. Fixed to a point in space
  2. 3 dimensions (x, y, z)
  3. Choice of origin and initial position are crucial
  4. Useful for functional activities
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10
Q

What is the anatomic coordinate system?

A
  1. Fixed to a rigid body
  2. Two local coordinates compared to determine joint angles
  3. Useful for understanding joint function and ROM
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11
Q

What are the two types of movement?

A
  1. Translation: all points on an object move the same distance
  2. Rotation: one point on the object remains stationary
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12
Q

What are the kinematic variables?

A
  1. Position
  2. Displacement: distance between two locations
  3. Velocity: change in distance over time
  4. Acceleration: change in velocity over time
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13
Q

What are the degrees of freeedom?

A

How many ways something can move

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14
Q

What are 6 degrees of freedom of movement?

A
  • Six ways to move in a 3D space
  • Translate along 3 axes or rotate about 3 axes
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15
Q

What causes less than 6 DOF in joints?

A

Constraints (exp: joint surfaces, ligaments)

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16
Q

What is force (F)?

A
  • A push/pull acting on a body (F = m x a)
  • Measured in Newtons (N)
  • Exp: Muscles, ligaments, ground reaction, weight
17
Q

What are inertial forces?

A

Forces due to acceleration

18
Q

What is moment/torque (M)?

A
  • Force acting to rotate an object
  • Both magnitude, direction and distance from center of rotation are important
19
Q

What is work?

A

The force required to move an object a distance (W = F x d)

20
Q

What is power?

A

The rate that work is being done (P = W/t)
Example: The snatch vs The clean and jerk
Which requires more power -> The snatch (less time to complete = more power required)

21
Q

What is energy?

A
  1. Potential energy: stored energy
  2. Kinetic energy: energy of motion
22
Q

What is anthropometry?

A
  • The study of physical measurements of the human body.
  • Measures: segment length and mass, center of mass location and radius of gyration
23
Q

What are Newton’s Laws?

A

1st law: an object remains at rest unless acted upon by an external force (∑F=0 and ∑M=0)
2nd law: if there is an unbalanced force acting on an object, it produces an acceleration in the direction of the force (F = m x a)
3rd law: for every action, there is a reaction (opposing force) of equal magnitude in the opposite direction

24
Q

What are free body diagrams?

A
  • Tool for analyzing biomechanical events
  • Used to show all forces acting upon an object
  • Arrows show the direction that the force is acting
25
Q

What is a lever?

A

A rigid body with two externally applied forces and a point of rotation

26
Q

What are the parts of a lever?

A
  1. Force arm: perpendicular distance from the axis to the line of action of the force
  2. Resistance arm: perpendicular distance from the axis to the line of action of the resistance
27
Q

What are the classes of levers?

A

1st class: forces on different sides of the fulcrum
2nd class: forces on the same side of the fulcrum and the external force is closer to the fulcrum than the muscle force
3rd class: forces on the same side of the fulcrum and the muscle force is closer to the fulcrum than the external force
FLE 123

28
Q

How does the lever system of the elbow work?

A

Flexion:
- 3rd class lever
- Effort comes from the point of insertion of the biceps
Extension:
- 1st class lever
- Effort created by the triceps via insertion point on the ulna

EDKP-206 (16 decks)

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