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EDKP-206 > Lecture 16 - Elbow > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bone structures of the elbow?

A
  • Distal Humerus
  • Proximal Ulna
  • Proximal Radius
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2
Q

What are the articulations and supporting structures of the elbow?

A
  • Humeroulnar articulation
  • Humeroradial articulation
  • Superior Radioulnar joint
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3
Q

What are the 2 movements of the elbow?

A
  • Flexion-Extension
  • Pronation-Supination
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4
Q

What is a valgus elbow?

A

lateral deviation of a distal segment with respect to proximal segment

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5
Q

What is a varus elbow?

A

medial deviation of a distal segment with respect to proximal segment

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6
Q

What is the arc of movement required for most ADLs in flexion-extension

A

30-130 degrees

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7
Q

What is the arc of movement for most ADLs of pronation and supination?

A

50 degrees for each

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of the humerus?

A
  • Epicondyles
  • Trochlea (medial)
  • Capitulum (lateral)
  • Coronoid fossa
  • Olecranon fossa
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9
Q

How does the distal humerus flatten?

A

anteriorly and posteriorly

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10
Q

What is the degree of anterior curve of the distal humerus?

A

30 degrees

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11
Q

How many degrees of tilt does the distal humerus have?

A

6

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of the proximal ulna?

A
  • Trochlear Notch
  • Olecranon
  • Coronoid Process
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13
Q

What are the characteristics of the proximal radius?

A
  • Radial Head
  • Radial Neck
  • Radial tuberosity (biceps)
  • Fovea (capitulum)
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14
Q

What are the 3 articulations within the elbow joint?

A

Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Proximal radioulnar

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15
Q

What kind of joint is the humeroulnar joint?

A

hinge

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16
Q

What action is the humeroulnar joint responsible for?

A

flexion-extension

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17
Q

What is the joint space of the humeroulnar joint?

A

asymmetrical

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18
Q

What does the bone shape of the humeroulnar joint favor?

A

flexion excursion vs extension excursion

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19
Q

What is the humeroradial joint in greater contact with during flexion?

A

elbow

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20
Q

What is the primary action of the humeroradial joint?

A

flexion-extention

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21
Q

What kind of joint is the humeroradial joint?

A

hinge

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22
Q

What kind of joint is the superior radioulnar joint?

A

pivot

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23
Q

What is the primary function of the superior radioulnar joint?

A

pronation-supination

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24
Q

Where does the support of the superior radioulnar joint come from?

A

soft tissues only (no bone support)

25
What is the interosseous membrane?
an important static longitudinal stabilizer of the forearm (less contribution to forearm rotation)
26
What are the 3 primary static constraints of the elbow?
* Ulnohumeral articulation * Anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligaments * Lateral collateral ligaments
27
What are the 4 secondary constraints of the elbow?
* Radiocapitellar articulation * Common origin of the flexors * Common origin of the extensors * Capsule
28
What bones stabilize the elbow?
- congruent articular surfaces - radial head - olecranon - coronoid
29
Radial head stabilizes with stress in ___ direction
valgus
30
Olecranon stabilizes with stress in ___ direction
valgus
31
Coronoid stabilizes with stress in ___ direction
varus
32
What are the 3 bundles of the medial collateral ligaments?
anterior, posterior, transverse
33
What are the medial collateral ligaments important stabilizers with?
valgus stress
34
What are the 4 lateral collateral ligaments?
Lateral ulnar collateral Accessory lateral collateral Radial collateral Annular
35
What are the lateral collateral ligaments important stabilizers with?
varus stress
36
How many DOF are in flexion/extension of the elbow? What axis?
1, medial-lateral axis
37
What angle does flexion/extension of the elbow carry?
5-10 degrees
38
What kind of angle is between the longitudinal axes of humerus and ulna?
valgus
39
What is pronation-supination?
rotation about a longitudinal axis passing through the radial head and the distal ulnar articular surface
40
What angle does pronation-supination occur?
120-140 degrees
41
What are the 4 types of muscles of the arm?
flexors, extensors, pronators, supinators
42
What are the 4 elbow flexors?
biceps brachii brachialis brachioradialis pronator teres
43
When is the bicep less active?
when the arm is in full pronation
44
What are the 2 elbow extensors?
triceps brachii anconeus
45
What are the pronators of the arm?
pronator teres pronator quadratus
46
What are the supinators of the arm?
supinator biceps
47
What does the elbow angle affect?
the amount of muscle force parallel and perpendicular to forearm
48
When a muscle crosses more than one joint, it will ___.
influence each joint
49
At shortest length, muscle at ___ length.
weakened
50
What is active insufficiency for multi-joint muscle?
at shortest length, muscle at weakened length
51
What 3 actions does the bicep do?
shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, supination
52
What is tennis elbow?
lateral epicondylitis
53
What is Golfer's elbow?
medial epicondylitis
54
Lateral epicondylitis is the overuse of which muscle?
extensor carpi radialis brevis or extensor digitorum communis
55
What does an EMG show of lateral epicondylitis?
decreased extensor activity with two handed back hand
56
What muscle is overused during medial epicondylitis?
flexor-pronator musculature
57
What is there excess of during medial epicondylitis?
valgus force on elbow and medial tension
58
What do the articulating surfaces of the elbow do to motion?
guide and restict it
59
What do the collateral ligaments contribute to?
stabilize the elbow and limits extension

EDKP-206 (16 decks)

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