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EDKP-206 > Lecture 16 - Elbow > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bone structures of the elbow?

A
  • Distal Humerus
  • Proximal Ulna
  • Proximal Radius
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2
Q

What are the articulations and supporting structures of the elbow?

A
  • Humeroulnar articulation
  • Humeroradial articulation
  • Superior Radioulnar joint
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3
Q

What are the 2 movements of the elbow?

A
  • Flexion-Extension
  • Pronation-Supination
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4
Q

What is a valgus elbow?

A

lateral deviation of a distal segment with respect to proximal segment

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5
Q

What is a varus elbow?

A

medial deviation of a distal segment with respect to proximal segment

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6
Q

What is the arc of movement required for most ADLs in flexion-extension

A

30-130 degrees

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7
Q

What is the arc of movement for most ADLs of pronation and supination?

A

50 degrees for each

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of the humerus?

A
  • Epicondyles
  • Trochlea (medial)
  • Capitulum (lateral)
  • Coronoid fossa
  • Olecranon fossa
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9
Q

How does the distal humerus flatten?

A

anteriorly and posteriorly

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10
Q

What is the degree of anterior curve of the distal humerus?

A

30 degrees

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11
Q

How many degrees of tilt does the distal humerus have?

A

6

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of the proximal ulna?

A
  • Trochlear Notch
  • Olecranon
  • Coronoid Process
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13
Q

What are the characteristics of the proximal radius?

A
  • Radial Head
  • Radial Neck
  • Radial tuberosity (biceps)
  • Fovea (capitulum)
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14
Q

What are the 3 articulations within the elbow joint?

A

Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Proximal radioulnar

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15
Q

What kind of joint is the humeroulnar joint?

A

hinge

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16
Q

What action is the humeroulnar joint responsible for?

A

flexion-extension

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17
Q

What is the joint space of the humeroulnar joint?

A

asymmetrical

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18
Q

What does the bone shape of the humeroulnar joint favor?

A

flexion excursion vs extension excursion

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19
Q

What is the humeroradial joint in greater contact with during flexion?

A

elbow

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20
Q

What is the primary action of the humeroradial joint?

A

flexion-extention

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21
Q

What kind of joint is the humeroradial joint?

A

hinge

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22
Q

What kind of joint is the superior radioulnar joint?

A

pivot

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23
Q

What is the primary function of the superior radioulnar joint?

A

pronation-supination

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24
Q

Where does the support of the superior radioulnar joint come from?

A

soft tissues only (no bone support)

25
Q

What is the interosseous membrane?

A

an important static longitudinal stabilizer of the forearm (less contribution to forearm rotation)

26
Q

What are the 3 primary static constraints of the elbow?

A
  • Ulnohumeral articulation
  • Anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligaments
  • Lateral collateral ligaments
27
Q

What are the 4 secondary constraints of the elbow?

A
  • Radiocapitellar articulation
  • Common origin of the flexors
  • Common origin of the extensors
  • Capsule
28
Q

What bones stabilize the elbow?

A
  • congruent articular surfaces
  • radial head
  • olecranon
  • coronoid
29
Q

Radial head stabilizes with stress in ___ direction

A

valgus

30
Q

Olecranon stabilizes with stress in ___ direction

A

valgus

31
Q

Coronoid stabilizes with stress in ___ direction

A

varus

32
Q

What are the 3 bundles of the medial collateral ligaments?

A

anterior, posterior, transverse

33
Q

What are the medial collateral ligaments important stabilizers with?

A

valgus stress

34
Q

What are the 4 lateral collateral ligaments?

A

Lateral ulnar collateral
Accessory lateral collateral
Radial collateral
Annular

35
Q

What are the lateral collateral ligaments important stabilizers with?

A

varus stress

36
Q

How many DOF are in flexion/extension of the elbow? What axis?

A

1, medial-lateral axis

37
Q

What angle does flexion/extension of the elbow carry?

A

5-10 degrees

38
Q

What kind of angle is between the longitudinal axes of humerus and ulna?

A

valgus

39
Q

What is pronation-supination?

A

rotation about a longitudinal axis passing through the radial head and the distal ulnar articular surface

40
Q

What angle does pronation-supination occur?

A

120-140 degrees

41
Q

What are the 4 types of muscles of the arm?

A

flexors, extensors, pronators, supinators

42
Q

What are the 4 elbow flexors?

A

biceps brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis
pronator teres

43
Q

When is the bicep less active?

A

when the arm is in full pronation

44
Q

What are the 2 elbow extensors?

A

triceps brachii
anconeus

45
Q

What are the pronators of the arm?

A

pronator teres
pronator quadratus

46
Q

What are the supinators of the arm?

A

supinator
biceps

47
Q

What does the elbow angle affect?

A

the amount of muscle force parallel and perpendicular to forearm

48
Q

When a muscle crosses more than one joint, it will ___.

A

influence each joint

49
Q

At shortest length, muscle at ___ length.

A

weakened

50
Q

What is active insufficiency for multi-joint muscle?

A

at shortest length, muscle at weakened length

51
Q

What 3 actions does the bicep do?

A

shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, supination

52
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A

lateral epicondylitis

53
Q

What is Golfer’s elbow?

A

medial epicondylitis

54
Q

Lateral epicondylitis is the overuse of which muscle?

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis or extensor digitorum communis

55
Q

What does an EMG show of lateral epicondylitis?

A

decreased extensor activity with two handed back hand

56
Q

What muscle is overused during medial epicondylitis?

A

flexor-pronator musculature

57
Q

What is there excess of during medial epicondylitis?

A

valgus force on elbow and medial tension

58
Q

What do the articulating surfaces of the elbow do to motion?

A

guide and restict it

59
Q

What do the collateral ligaments contribute to?

A

stabilize the elbow and limits extension

EDKP-206 (16 decks)

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