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EDKP-206 > Lecture 15 - Wrist > Flashcards

Lecture 15 - Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the wrist?

A
  • Distal radius
  • Distal ulna
  • Carpal bones
  • Metacarpals
  • Phalanges
  • Sesamoid bones (variable number)
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2
Q

What is the ulnar variance?

A

the relative lengths of the radius and ulna are variable

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3
Q

What is negative ulnar variance?

A
  • 2-5mm of ulnar variance:
  • 95% of load transmission via radius and 5% through ulna
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4
Q

What is positive ulnar variance?

A
  • 60% of load transmission via radius and 40% via ulna
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5
Q

What are the bones of the proximal row of the carpals?

A

scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform

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6
Q

What are the bones of the distal row of the carpals?

A

trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

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7
Q

What are the 3 parts of the phalanges?

A

base, head, shafts

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8
Q

How many phalanges are there?

A

14 total

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9
Q

What is the organization of the phalanges?

A
  • 3 in each finger (proximal, middle, distal)
  • 2 in the thumb (proximal, distal)
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10
Q

How many sesamoid bones are there in the hand? Where are they found?

A

2: one in each of the tendons of the flexor pollicis brevis and the adductor pollicis

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11
Q

What are the 3 joints of the wrist and hand?

A
  • Distal radio- ulnar joint (DRUJ)
  • Radio-carpal joint
  • Mid-carpal joint
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12
Q

What action does the distal raioulnar joint do?

A

pronation-supination

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13
Q

What kind of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

A

synovial

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14
Q

How many DOF are in the radiocarpal joint?

A

2

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15
Q

What are the 3 actions of the radiocarpal joint?

A

flexion-extension
abduction-adduction
circumduction

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16
Q

What kind of joints are the midcarpal joints?

A

plane

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17
Q

What kind of motions do the midcarpal joints do?

A

small gliding

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18
Q

What do the midcarpal joints increase?

A

the range of motion of the radiocarpal joint

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19
Q

What are the 2 regions of the midcarpal joints?

A

lateral and medial

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20
Q

What kind of joint is the wrist?

A

biaxial

21
Q

What is the total wrist motion the combined result of?

A

motion from both the radiocarpal and midcarpal joint

22
Q

What angle does flexion of the wrist occur?

A

80-90 degrees

23
Q

What angle does extension of the wrist occur?

A

75-85 degrees

24
Q

What angle does radial deviation of the wrist occur?

A

20 degrees

25
Q

What angle does ulnar deviation of the wrist occur?

A

35 degrees

26
Q

What angle does supination of the wrist occur?

A

90 degrees

27
Q

What angle does pronation of the wrist occur?

A

90 degrees

28
Q

Which joint is more important: midcarpal or radiocarpal?

A

midcarpal

29
Q

Where does the movement of the wrist start at?

A

distal row

30
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the palm side?

A
  • Pronator teres
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Palmaris longus
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
31
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the dorsal surface of the forearm?

A
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • Extensor digitorum
  • Extensor digiti minimi
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
32
Q

What are the deep muscles on the volar surface of the forearm?

A
  • Flexor digitorum profundus
  • Flexor pollicis longus
  • Pronator quadratus
33
Q

What are the deep muscles on the dorsal surface of the forearm?

A
  • Supinator
  • Extensor indicis
  • Snuff box muscles
34
Q

What are the strengths in muscles of the forearm during pronation and supination?

A

same

35
Q

What are the strengths in muscles of the forearm during extension and flexion?

A

extensors are stronger than flexors

36
Q

Why are extensors stronger than flexors?

A

larger PCSA and moment arms

37
Q

What % of hand function is used by the thumb?

A

60

38
Q

What does the carpometacarpal joint articulate with?

A

trapezium

39
Q

What kind of joint is the carpometacarpal joint?

A

synovial saddle

40
Q

What are the 4 actions of the carpometacarpal joint?

A
  • Flexion / extension
  • Adduction / abduction
  • Circumduction
  • Opposition
41
Q

What are the ROM of the MCP?

A

55° flexion and 10° hyperextension

42
Q

What are the ROM of the IP?

A

80° of flexion and 0° of extension

43
Q

What is the angle of palmar abduction?

A

45 degrees

44
Q

What is the normal finger ROM of the MCP?

A

90/0 deg

45
Q

What is the normal finger ROM for the PIP?

A

100/0 deg

46
Q

What is the normal finger ROM for the DIP?

A

80/0 deg

47
Q

What does pinching use?

A

digits on the radial side of the hand

48
Q

What does griping use?

A

all the digits and the palm

EDKP-206 (16 decks)

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