lecture 3 - evolution of behavior

Question 1

what is artificial selection

Answer 1

human manipulation of traits (morphological and behavioral) and selecting for them through breeding programs.

these traits must be heritable (but darwin didn’t know that)

Question 2

what are some examples of artificial traits that have been selected for

Answer 2

1. domestic dogs (came from wolves)
2. pigeons that are good at going back to their location without stopping

Question 3

how fast does artifical selection work

Answer 3

very fast because it will give you 100% fitness benefit

Question 4

what is the selective advantage of a trait

Answer 4

how the trait can help you do better in some sense

Question 5

what is an example of a selective advantage in wild dogs (lycaon pictus(

Answer 5

wild dogs that hunt in groups get more meat and have more offspring

Question 6

how much fitness advantage is enough for one behavior to replace another over evolutionary time

Answer 6

1%

Question 7

what is the equation to figure out how many generations it takes for a trait to reach 100% of the population

Answer 7

gens = (2/selective advantage) * ln(pop size)

Question 8

what 3 prerequisites is required for natural selection to operate on a trait

Answer 8

1. variation in the trait (caused by environmental or genetic factors)
2. fitness consequences of the trait (make a difference on whether you live or die)
3. mode of inheritance (trait can be passed on somehow)

Question 9

what is exploration tendency

Answer 9

how quickly an animal will approach a novel object

Question 10

define adaptations

Answer 10

traits associated with highest relative fitness in given environment

Question 11

how do guppys vary in light and heavy predation pressure populations?

Answer 11

light
school size smaller, females produce fewer and bigger offspring

heavy
school size bigger, females produce many small offspring