lecture 16 - cooperation Flashcards
what is cooperation
an outcome in which 2 or more interacting individuals each receive a net benefit from joint actions
why do primate social groom/allogroom
removes ectoparasites and is part of glue that holds primate troops together bc reduces tension
what are the four paths to evolution and maintenance of cooperation
- reciprocity
- byproduct mutualism
- group selection
- kin selection
what is reciprocity
A helps B in hopes that B will help A in the future. there is no immediate reward here. since there is always a temptation to cheat, individuals have to scorekeep
what is game theory
a mathematical tool that is used when the payoff that an individual receives for undertaking an action depends on what behaviors others adopt
what is byproduct mutualism
individual would incur an immediate cost or penalty if individual did not act cooperatively where the benefit outweighs that of cheating. there is an immediate reward here and no temptation to cheat so no need to score keep
how does byproduct mutualism play out in house sparrows
they produce unique chirrup call when find food that attracts other birds and they are more likely to make these calls when the food resource is divisible (more often more small things that they can’t fly away with) since the birds need to eat it there and are calling to have extra predator protection
what is group selection
If group cooperates a lot then natural selection will favor that group over the group that does not cooperate as much
what are dyadic interactions
two individuals interact with each other to help one another
what are polyadic interactions
> 2 individuals interact with each other
what are coalitions
cooperative action taken by >= 2 individuals or groups against another individual or groups
what do coalitions become over time
alliances
what is inter-specific cooperation referred to as
mutualism
