lecture 14 - mating systems Flashcards
what is series monogamy
mating partners differ by breeding season but they are loyal during the mating season
what is monogamy
1 m: 1 f
what is long term monogamy
not monogamy for life but for many mating seasons (kinda like humans with divorce)
what type of mating system do oldfield mice exhibit and how much of the offspring do fathers sire
long-term monogamy and 90%
is the definition of a good mate consistent in old field mice
no – perhaps depends on genetic compatability
what is obligate monogamy
when resources are scarce and litters are large so need biparental care for offspring survival
what is faculative monogamy
monogamy due to lack of mating opportunities
what is polgyny
1 M: n F
what is simultaneous polygamy
many partners within same time frame
what is sequential polygamy
many partners in a sequence during breeding breeding season
which sex has very high variance in reproductive success
the sex mating with multiple partners
what does the limited amount of males siring many offspring in elephant seals lead to
extreme sexual size dimorphism
what is polyandry
n M : 1 F
what is polynandry
n M : n F
what mating system do wattled jacanas have
sequential polyandry –> males incubate eggs
what is female defense polygyny and what animals do this
males compete for females and defend them from other mating attempts
deers and elephant seals have this with harems
what are common characters of females in female defense polygyny in insects
short lives, closely grouped together in space, low fecundity, mating shortly after becoming adults
what is resource defense polygyny
males defend resources important for females and then mating occurs after females are receptive
what species use leks
black grouse, fallow deer
what are leks
small territories that males set up for mating with no apparent resources to attract females. females visit leks to observe male displays and select partners
what benefits do males obtain from mating on lek
huge payoffs for successful males bc lots of opportunities and so preferred male characteristics become elaborated
when is a mating system ~promiscous~
when polygynandry occurs
who is promiscuity advantageous for
females becuase increases paternity uncertainty and reduces male infacticide
what species is promiscuity common in
primates (barbary macaques)
what is there an increased risk on in promiscous mating systems
STIS
why may menstruation have evolved
to rid the female reproductive tract of pathogens carried by sperm (in promiscous systems)
what does the polygyny threshold model allow for
allows to make predictions about female behavior in systems where males have territories that can sustain several females so the females get to choose
what are extra-pair copulations
mating with individuals in nearby territories
why do males seek extra pair copulations
to fertilize a fuck ton of females
why do females seek extra pair copulations
- ensure all eggs fertilized
= increase genetic diversity in offspring - obtain good genes from males not willing to pair bond
- increase amount of direct benefits
