lecture 14 - mating systems

Question 1

what is series monogamy

Answer 1

mating partners differ by breeding season but they are loyal during the mating season

Question 2

what is monogamy

Answer 2

1 m: 1 f

Question 3

what is long term monogamy

Answer 3

not monogamy for life but for many mating seasons (kinda like humans with divorce)

Question 4

what type of mating system do oldfield mice exhibit and how much of the offspring do fathers sire

Answer 4

long-term monogamy and 90%

Question 5

is the definition of a good mate consistent in old field mice

Answer 5

no – perhaps depends on genetic compatability

Question 6

what is obligate monogamy

Answer 6

when resources are scarce and litters are large so need biparental care for offspring survival

Question 7

what is faculative monogamy

Answer 7

monogamy due to lack of mating opportunities

Question 8

what is polgyny

Answer 8

1 M: n F

Question 9

what is simultaneous polygamy

Answer 9

many partners within same time frame

Question 10

what is sequential polygamy

Answer 10

many partners in a sequence during breeding breeding season

Question 11

which sex has very high variance in reproductive success

Answer 11

the sex mating with multiple partners

Question 12

what does the limited amount of males siring many offspring in elephant seals lead to

Answer 12

extreme sexual size dimorphism

Question 13

what is polyandry

Answer 13

n M : 1 F

Question 14

what is polynandry

Answer 14

n M : n F

Question 15

what mating system do wattled jacanas have

Answer 15

sequential polyandry –> males incubate eggs

Question 16

what is female defense polygyny and what animals do this

Answer 16

males compete for females and defend them from other mating attempts

deers and elephant seals have this with harems

Question 17

what are common characters of females in female defense polygyny in insects

Answer 17

short lives, closely grouped together in space, low fecundity, mating shortly after becoming adults

Question 18

what is resource defense polygyny

Answer 18

males defend resources important for females and then mating occurs after females are receptive

Question 19

what species use leks

Answer 19

black grouse, fallow deer

Question 20

what are leks

Answer 20

small territories that males set up for mating with no apparent resources to attract females. females visit leks to observe male displays and select partners

Question 21

what benefits do males obtain from mating on lek

Answer 21

huge payoffs for successful males bc lots of opportunities and so preferred male characteristics become elaborated

Question 22

when is a mating system ~promiscous~

Answer 22

when polygynandry occurs

Question 23

who is promiscuity advantageous for

Answer 23

females becuase increases paternity uncertainty and reduces male infacticide

Question 24

what species is promiscuity common in

Answer 24

primates (barbary macaques)

Question 25

what is there an increased risk on in promiscous mating systems

Answer 25

STIS

Question 26

why may menstruation have evolved

Answer 26

to rid the female reproductive tract of pathogens carried by sperm (in promiscous systems)

Question 27

what does the polygyny threshold model allow for

Answer 27

allows to make predictions about female behavior in systems where males have territories that can sustain several females so the females get to choose

Question 28

what are extra-pair copulations

Answer 28

mating with individuals in nearby territories

Question 29

why do males seek extra pair copulations

Answer 29

to fertilize a fuck ton of females

Question 30

why do females seek extra pair copulations

Answer 30

• ensure all eggs fertilized
  = increase genetic diversity in offspring
• obtain good genes from males not willing to pair bond
• increase amount of direct benefits