Lecture 3 - Environmental Correlates & Incentive, Adoption and Dropout Flashcards
how can the climate affect PA levels
- > when weather is cold, exercise tends to decline
- > in Canada, Dec-Feb have the lowest PA levels and June-Aug have the highest
individual correlates that affect PA levels
- > age
*peak levels in childhood (6-8) - > gender
no difference in M/F in toddler stage, but M has greater levels later in life - > marital status
*married ppl/in a relationship tend to be less physically active than single ppl - > education
*higher levels of education tend to be more active - > income and occupation
- blue collar workers are less likely to start and stay with a PA program than white collar ppl
incentive motivation
IM theories are based on the assumption that external forces energize goal directed behaviours (in contrast to theories that conceives motivation as an internal force that drives a person)
- > incentive can be virtually anything that is external to the individual as long as it is something that the person wants strongly enough to initiate behaviour
relate incentives to tangible rewards
the use of tangible rewards to promote involvement in exercise is universal
- > under the right circumstances, most people will respond to incentives of this sort
- > money has been found to be the most widely effective reward
contracts
written statements that outline specific behaviours and establish consequences when behaviours are reached (what must be done in the exercise setting to get the reward)
- > contracts specify expectations, responsibilities and rewards
the purpose of contracts
is to maintain the participants motivation to exercise
- > contracts should include goals and timelines to maintain participation
*you have to do this, this, and this to get X/or by X time)
bonus system
- > provides rewards for reaching certain targets
- > can be expensive, considering how everyone wants $$$
characteristics of lotteries
- > qualifications (once you have done this; i.e. buy the ticket, you can be entered in the draw to win
- > once you’re “in” anyone can win
- > only one winner
reasons given for exercise
- > mental health
- > physical health
- > improve appearance
- > enjoyment
- > social experience
- > “force” Dr. makes them do exercise
adherence
implies “sticking” to or faithfully conforming to a standard of behaviour in order to meet a specific goal
- > few topics is ex. psych have received the level of attention that has been focussed on exercise adherence in recent years
factors that relate to exercise adherence
- > exercise history
- > current level of fitness
- > age
- > smoker/non smoker
- > gender
- > marital status
- > education
- > occupation
reasons given for why people don’t exercise
- > risk
- > fatigue
- > lack of knowledge
- > lack of time
- > lack of facilities
