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MSK Exam 2 > Lecture 3 Anterior and Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Cutaneous nerves of the anterior and medial thigh

A
  1. Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2 & L3)
  2. Anterior (intermediate and medial) cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve (L2-L4)
  3. Cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve (L2)
  4. Saphenous nerve (L3, L4)
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2
Q

Where does the cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve innervate?

A

The inner thigh.

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3
Q

Where does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Lateral upper thigh.

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4
Q

What spinal nerves form the femoral nerve?

A

L2-L4

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5
Q

What spinal nerves form the obturator nerve?

A

L2-L4

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6
Q

What spinal nerves form the sciatic nerve?

A

L4-S3

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7
Q

What spinal nerves form the tibial nerve?

A

L4-S3.

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8
Q

What spinal nerves form the Common Fibular Nerve?

A

The common fibular nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve.

It is formed by spinal nerves L4-S2.

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9
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

All anterior thigh muscles.

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10
Q

What does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

All medial thigh muscles.

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11
Q

What does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

All posterior thigh muscles.

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12
Q

What does the patellar reflex test?

A

Patellar reflex tests spinal cord segments L2-L4 and the femoral nerve.

Absensce of the patellar reflex is called Westphals sign.

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13
Q

What does the calcaneal tendon reflex test?

A

S1 and S2 nerve roots.

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14
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the thigh?

A

IPSQ

  1. Iliopsoas m.
  2. Pectineus m.
  3. Sartoruis m.
  4. Quadriceps femoris m.
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15
Q

What muscles make up the iliopsoas muscles?

A
  1. Psoas major m.
  2. Iliacus m.

They both act the same!

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16
Q

What muscles make up the quadriceps femoris m.?

A
  1. Vastus lateralis m
  2. Rectus femoris m
  3. Vastus medialis m
  4. Vastus intermedius m.
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17
Q

Iliopsoas m. prominent feature

A

MAIN FLEXOR OF THE THIGH

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18
Q

Iliopsoas m Innervation

A
  1. Iliacus m: femoral nerve

2. Psoas major and psoas minor m: ventral rami of L1-L3

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19
Q

Iliopsoas m Action

A
  1. Laterally flex vertebral column
  2. Balance and flex trunk
  3. Flex the thigh when acting with the iliacus m.
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20
Q

Iliopectineal bursa

A

Sits directly on the anterior portion of the hip joint, and acts as a bursa for the Iliopsoas M. Lies underneath Iliopsoas.

Can become inflamed leading to groin pain.

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21
Q

Sartorius m. prominent feature

A
  1. Longest muscle
  2. Most superficial anterior muscle.
  3. Tailor sit muscle
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22
Q

Sartorius m.

Origin:

Insertion:

A

Originates: ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)

Inserts: Pes anserine of the tibia

(near the medial epicondyle of the tibia)

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23
Q

Sartorius m.

Innervation:

Action:

A

Innervation: femoral nerve

Action:

  1. Flex thigh
  2. Flex leg
  3. Abduct thigh
  4. Laterally rotate the thigh
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24
Q

What is pes anserinus?

A

Pes anserinus is located on the tibia. It is a common insertion point for

  1. Sartorius m.
  2. Gracilis m. (medial thigh)
  3. Semintendinosus m. (posterior thigh)
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25
Q

What innervates the gracilis m.?

A

Obturator nerve

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26
Q

What innervates the semitendinosus m?

A

Sciatic nerve

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27
Q

What bursa are located at this common insertion point?

A
  1. Bursa of semimembranous
  2. Anserine bursa
  3. Bursa deep to iliotibial band (lateral side)
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28
Q

Quadriceps Femoris Muscles

A
  1. Vastus lateralis m
  2. Rectus femoris m.
  3. Vastus medialis m.
  4. Vastus intermedius m.
29
Q

Quadriceps Femoris Muscles

Origin:

Insertion:

A
  1. Origin:

Rectus femoris m. originates on the AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine)

Vastus muscles originate at the shaft of the femus

  1. Insertion: tibial tuberosity
30
Q

Quadriceps femoris muscles

Innervation:

Action:

A

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Action: CHIEF EXTENSORS OF THE LEG
-Vasti extend the leg at the knee

-Rectus femoris m [extends the leg at the knee] and [flexes the thigh].

31
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

A

During running and jumping activities, a child’s quadriceps can pull on the Patellar tendon causing a slight (incomplete) avulsion of the Tibial Tuberosity. Osteogenesis can lead to a bony growth at the location of the avulsion.

32
Q

How does the body try to fix osgood-schlatter disease?

A

By closing the gap with new bone growth. However, it results in a bony lump.

33
Q

Tendons of all 4 quadricep femoris muscles unit to form what?

A

Quadriceps tendon.

Above the knee, it is called the patellar tendon (bone-muscle).

Below the knee, it changes its name to the patellar ligament (because ligament is bone-bone)

34
Q

Bursa in the knee

A

Suprapatellar bursa is a bursa that is continuous with the joint. It slides as the patella slides during extension and flexion.

35
Q

Why does the rectus femoris flex the thigh?

A

Because it attaches to the pelvic bone (AIIS).

36
Q

What are the superficial medial muscles of the thigh?

A
  1. Pectineus M.
  2. Adductor Longus M.
  3. Adductor Brevis M.
  4. Gracilis M.
37
Q

What action do all superficial medial muscles have in common?

A

They are adductors.

38
Q

What are the deep muscles of the medial thigh?

A
  1. Obturator externus m.

2. Adductor magnus m.

39
Q

Pectineus M

Origin:

Insertion:

A

Origin: pecten line of the pubis

Insertion: Pectineal line of the femur (inferior to the lesser trochanter)

40
Q

Pectineus M

Innervation:

Action:

A

Femoral nerve (sometimes, obturator nerve will innervate.

  1. Adduct thigh
  2. Flex the thigh
41
Q

Adductor Longus M

Origin:

Insertion:

A

Origin: body of the pubis, inferior to the pubic crest

Insertion: Middle 1/3 of linea aspera

42
Q

Adductor Longus M

Innervation:

Function:

A

Innervation: Anterior division of the obturator nerve (L2-L4)

  1. Adduct thigh
  2. Flex thigh
43
Q

Adductor Brevis M

Origin:

Insertion:

A

Origin: body of the pubis and inferior public ramus

Insertion: proximal linea aspera

44
Q

Adductor Brevis M

Innervation:

Function:

A

Innervation: Anterior division of the obturator nerve

Function:
Adduct thigh
Flex thigh

45
Q

Gracilis M. Prominent Feature

A

Long and straplike.

It is the only adductor to cross the knee joint.

46
Q

Gracilis M.

Origin

Insertion

A

Origin: Body of the pubis and inferior public ramus.

Insertion: Medial aspect of the proximal end of the tibia (Pes anserine)

47
Q

Gracilis M.

Innervation:

Action:

A

Innervation: Anterior division of the obturator n.

Action:

  1. Adduct thigh
  2. Flex leg.
  3. Medially rotate the leg/
48
Q

Where is your groin?

A

Your groin is the junction between the trunk and thigh.

49
Q

What can happen if you pull your groin?

A

You can strain, stretch and tear the proximal attachments of thigh adductor and flexor muscles.

50
Q

Obturator Externus M.

Origin:

Insertion:

A

Lies deep to the pectineus.

Origin: External margin of the obturator foramen

Insertion: Trochanteric fossa

51
Q

Obturator Externus M.

Innervation:

Function:

A

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Function: Laterally rotates the thigh.

52
Q

Adductor Magnus M prominent feature

A

Largest adductor muscle.

The superior part lies deep to the adductor brevis m.

53
Q

Parts of the adductor magnus muscle

A
  1. Adductor portion

2. Hamstring portion

54
Q

Adductor Magnus M

Origin

A

Adductor portion originates at the [ischiopubic ramus].

Hamstring portion originates at the [ischial tuberosity].

55
Q

What nerves inervate the three muscles of the pes anserinus?

A
  1. Femoral N.
  2. Anterior division of the obturator n.
  3. Tibial division of the sciatic n.
56
Q

Calcaneal tendon reflex test should result in what?

A

Should result in plantar flexion.

It tests the S1 and S2 sacral contributions of the sciatic nerve.

57
Q

Pes anserinus

A

the common insertion point for 3 tendons of 3 muscles:

S,G,T

58
Q

All quadricep muscles unite form what?

A
  1. Patellar tendon

After it crosses the knee, it becomes the patellar ligament.

59
Q

What is the largest adductor muscle?

A

Adductor magnus m.

60
Q

What is the adductor hiatus?

A

The space in between the adductor and hamstring portion of the adductor magnus m.

61
Q

When you “pull your groin”, this often involves what muscles?

A
  • Adductor and flexor muscles
  • Often times, your adductor longus m. is involved.

In sports, these muscles are in a tug of war and can easily be strained.

62
Q

How do we seperate the compartments of the thigh?

A
  1. Medial intermuscular septa

2. Lateral intermuscular septa

63
Q

Medial intermuscular septa seperates what?

A

The anterior and medial compartments

64
Q

Lateral intermuscular septa

A

Separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the thigh.

Becomes continuous with the IT band

65
Q

How do we seperate the medial and posterior muscles of the thigh?

A

they are not seperated.

66
Q

main job of anterior compartment

A

extend

67
Q

main job of medial compartment

A

adduct

68
Q

main job of posterior compartment

A

flex

MSK Exam 2 (23 decks)

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