Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cog Neuro (oh God) > Lecture 3 And 4 - Cerebellum And Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Lecture 3 And 4 - Cerebellum And Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

More than ___ neurons in your brain are in the cerebellum

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

Quality control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When an UMN talks to a LMN, how does the cerebellum find out about it?

A

A cope of the motor command is sent to the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does the cerebellum find out about the result of the motor response?

A

Proprioceptive info sent to the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the cerebellum send feedback to the motor cortex?

A

Cerebellum compares the command to the actual motion based on the proprioceptive info and the copy of the motor command

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the white matter on the cerebellum? How about the gray matter?

A

White inside grey outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the different segments of the cerebellum?

A

Anterior lobe, primary fissure, posterior lobe, horizontal fissure, vermis (the lil dick)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the flocculonodular lobe?

A

Above the posterolateral fissure, basically the lil segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the functional name of the flocculonodular lobe?

A

Vestibulocerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the flocculonodular lobe in charge of?

A

Balance and eye movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the inputs of the flocculonodular lobe?

A

Vestibular nuclei (inner ear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are the outputs of the flocculonodular?

A

Fastigial nuclei and vestibular nuclei, then lower motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the anterior lobe of the cerebellum?

A

…anterior ig lol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the functional term of the anterior lobe?

A

Spinocerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the anterior lobe in charge of?

A

Movement coordination, motor execution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the inputs and outputs of the anterior lobe?

A

Input: Proprioception
Output: interposed nuclei then to descending motor pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the posterior lobe?

A

Posterior lol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the functional name of the posterior lobe?

A

Cerebrocerebellum or neocerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the inputs and outputs of the posterior lobe?

A

Input: cortex
Output: dentate nucleus then to thalamus and cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is the fastigial nucleus?

A

Most medial and dorsal of the deep nuclei, biggest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the interposed nuclei?

A

Just ventral of the fastigial nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is the dentate nuclei? What does it look like

A

Dorsal of the interposed nuclei, lil squiggly lines

23
Q

What is the only nuclei that matters for this test?

A

Dentate

24
Q

What are the three peduncles?

A

Superior, middle, inferior

25
Q

Is superior afferent of efferent?

A

Efferent mostly

26
Q

Is middle afferent of efferent?

A

Mostly afferent

27
Q

Is the inferior peduncle efferent or afferent or both?

A

Both

28
Q

Summarize the three peduncle jobs as questions

A

Superior: how can i adjusts my movements to get there? Error signal
Middle: where do i want to be? Copy of command
Inferior: where am i? Proprioception

29
Q

What are the three layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Molecular layer, purkinje layer (barrier to deepest), granular layer (deepest)

30
Q

What are the three neuron types in the cerebellum?

A

Granule cells
Purkinje cells
Inhibitory neurons (basket cells Stellate cells and golgi cells)

31
Q

What are the two types of input in the cerebellum?

A

Both are excitatory
- climbing fibers from inferior olive
- mossy fibers from spinal cord, cortex via pons (input to granule cells, info about voluntary movements)

32
Q

Explain the “climbing the olive tree”

A

Climbing fibers go up the inferior olive, wrap around purkinje cells and excite them, granule cell receives input from mossy fiber (which gets info from cortex) to stop them if a mistake occurred

33
Q

What is the Marr-Albus-Ito motor learning theory?

A

Granule cells give continuous info about what the body is doing and when the body makes a movements error, climbing fiber fires, kicking of parallel fiber synapses

34
Q

What’s the basal ganglias main job?

A

Selecting the best cortical output

35
Q

What does the brain count as best?

A

Most practiced and most likely to be rewarded

36
Q

What are the nuclei of the basal ganglia?

A

Caudate nucleus (next to lateral ventricle)
Putamen (outermost thing outside internal capsule)
Globes pallidus (one more in than putamen)
Subthalamic nucleus (underneath lateral ventricle)
Substantial Nigra (the dark thing far below the lateral ventricle)
Nucleus accumbens (just below lateral ventricle)

37
Q

Where do the different parts of the thalamus send outputs to in the cortex?

A

Ventral posterior lateral nucleus sends output to primary sensory cortex

Ventral lateral and ventral anterior send output to motor areas and receive input from basal ganglia

38
Q

Does the caudate nucleus appear smaller or bigger from a coronal view and you move more posterior to the brain?

A

Smaller, its the biggest near the front of the brain

39
Q

Where is the putamen from a coronal view as you go posterior to the brain?

A

Always stays on the outside of the internal capsule

40
Q

Where can you see the putamen from a lateral view?

A

Posterior to the caudate nucleus

41
Q

Can you see the globes pallidus in a very anterior coronal cut of the brain?

A

Nope

42
Q

Where can you see the globes pallidus in a coronal cut of the brain?

A

A bit in the center where you can see the GP internal being more lateral than the GP external and it being right next to the putamen

43
Q

Where is the nucleus accumbens?

A

Right below the lateral ventricles

44
Q

What elements are in the basal ganglia GO pathway?

A

Cortex, striatum (caudate + putamen), substantia nigra, brainstem and spinal cord, thalamus, and GP internal

45
Q

Describe the GO pathway

A

Cortex excites striatum
Substantia either excites or inhibits striatum
Striatum inhibits GP Internal
GP internal can no longer inhibit the thalamus
Thalamus is super excitatory and without inhibition it excites the cortex
The cortex then excites the brainstem and spinal cord

46
Q

Describe the stop pathway

A

Cortex excites striatum
Substantia nigra regulates striatum
Striatum inhibits GP external
GP external cant inhibit GP internal anymore
GP internal inhibits thalamus
Thalamus no longer excites cortex

47
Q

Describe the motor loop

A

GO: M1 -> Putamen -> thalamus -> S1
STOP: M1 -> Putamen -> inhibit thalamus

48
Q

Describe the cognitive loop

A

GO: Association cortex -> Caudate & Nucleus accumbens -> Thalamus -> Cerebellum
STOP: Association cortex -> caudate & NA -> INHIBIT THALAMUS

49
Q

Describe the limbic loop?

A

Limbic system -> caudate and NA -> thalamus -> limbic
Limbic system -> caudate and NA-> INHBIT THALAMUS

50
Q

What does Huntington’s disease target?

A

Striatum is targeted

51
Q

What does Parkinson’s disease?

A

Kills substantia nigra

52
Q

Huntingtons too much GO or STOP?

A

GO

53
Q

Parkinson’s too much GO or STOP?

A

STOP

Cog Neuro (oh God) (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions