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Cog Neuro (oh God) > Lecture 1 & Lecture 2 - Brainstem And Spine > Flashcards

Lecture 1 & Lecture 2 - Brainstem And Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A
  • Provide neurons with nutrients from blood
  • maintain extra cellular ion balance
  • send signals to neurons and other glia
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2
Q

How can you tell something is an astrocyte by looking at it?

A

It has a star shape and is spherical

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3
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do?

A

Form myelin around axons

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4
Q

White matter is made of myelinated ____ and glia

A

Axons

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5
Q

Grey matter is made of neuron ____ _____

A

Cell bodies

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6
Q

What are the 4 roles of CSF?

A
  • protection
  • buoyancy
  • nutrition
  • waste removal
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7
Q

Is white matter on the inside or outside for the spinal cord?

A

Outside

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8
Q

Is grey matter on the inside or outside for the spinal cord?

A

Inside

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9
Q

What are the 5 segments of the spinal cord?

A
  • cervical
  • thoracic
  • lumbar
  • sacral
  • coccygeal
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10
Q

How many vertebrae are in each section of the spine?

A
  • C1-C8
  • T1-T12
  • L1-L5
  • S1-S5
  • Coc 1
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11
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

Lumbar

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12
Q

What parts of the body does cervical innervate?

A

Back of the head, upper back, arms

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13
Q

What does the thoracic innervate?

A

Mid body and a small sliver of the arms

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14
Q

What does lumbar innervate?

A

Legs minus hamstrings and parts of the calves

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15
Q

What does sacral innervate?

A

Pee pee, ass and hamstrings

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16
Q

What part of the spinal cord has the most white matter?

A

Cervical

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17
Q

Where is there more gray matter?

A

Where more neural control is needed

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18
Q

What is the order of the major divisions of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla, spinal cord
My pussy makes sinners cry

19
Q

Where are the pyramids?

A

Medulla

20
Q

What structures are in the midbrain?

A

Superior colliculus and inferior colliculus

21
Q

What structures are in the pons?

A

Cerebellar peduncles

22
Q

What structures are in the medulla?

A

Gracile nucleus and cuneate nucleus?

23
Q

What is the order of the ascending tract?

A
  1. Primary neuron: cell in dorsal root ganglion, synapses in dorsal column nucleus: gracile for lower body and cuneate for upper
  2. Secondary neuron (gracile or cuneate) which synapses to thalamus and decussates
  3. Tertiary neuron: cell body in thalamus, synapses to cortex
24
Q

Is the cuneate or gracile nucleus more medial?

A

Gracile, its more dorsal as well

25
Q

Where can you see the dorsal column system nuclei?

A

Lower medulla

26
Q

What can you see in the upper medulla?

A
  • fourth ventricle
  • medial lemniscus
  • inferior olive
  • pyramids
27
Q

What’s right above the upper medulla?

A

Pons

28
Q

What is the third neuron in the ascending tract?

A

Ventral posterior lateral nucleus?

29
Q

Where does the ascending tract go to?

A

S1

30
Q

What is the order of the corticospinal tract?

A
  1. Primary neuron: cell body in motor cortex, synapses in spinal cord
  2. Secondary neuron: cell body in spinal cord, synapses on muscle
31
Q

Where is the primary neuron in corticospinal tract?

A

M1 (motor cortex)

32
Q

Where does the primary neuron travel next in the corticospinal tract?

A

Corona radiate then internal capsule

33
Q

Where is the axon of the primary neuron of the corticospinal tract in the midbrain?

A

In cerebral peduncles of the midbrain

34
Q

Where is the axon of the primary neuron in the pons?

A

Ventral part

35
Q

Where is the axon of the primary neuron in the upper medulla?

A

The pyramids

36
Q

Where is the axon of the primary neuron in the lower medulla?

A

The pyramids

37
Q

Where is the axon of the primary neuron in the lower medulla?

A

The pyramid but decussating

38
Q

Where is the axon of the primary neuron in the ventral horn?

A

The lateral corticospinal tract and synapses in the ventral horn to get to the alpha motor neurons

39
Q

Where is dopamine produced?

A

SN and VTA both located in the midbrain

40
Q

Where does dopamine project to?

A

Striatum and frontal lobe which is important in motor control and cognition

41
Q

Where is norepinephrine produced?

A

Locus coeruleus in the pons

42
Q

Where does NE project to?

A

Throughout the brain and works in arousal stress attention and memory

43
Q

Where is serotonin produced?

A

The raphe nuclei goes down the brainstem

44
Q

Where does serotonin project to?

A

Throughout the brain and implicated in memory mood and pain suppression

Cog Neuro (oh God) (9 decks)

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