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Cog Neuro (oh God) > Lecture 19, 20, & 21 - Social Cognition, Technology, Education > Flashcards

Lecture 19, 20, & 21 - Social Cognition, Technology, Education Flashcards

1
Q

Which networks are critical for social cognition?

A

Default mode network and limbic network

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2
Q

What is the anatomy of social cognition?

A
  • TPJ (tempoparietal junction)
  • Insula
  • mPFC
  • OFC (limbic)
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3
Q

What does the TPJ do for social cognition?

A

Mentalizing

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4
Q

What does the insula do for social cognition?

A

Interoception & empathy

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5
Q

What does the mPFC do for social cognition?

A

Sense of self

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6
Q

What does the OFC (limbic) do for social cognition?

A

Emotional processing

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7
Q

What network of the brain lights up when thinking about self?

A

“Me”-dial prefrontal cortex which is in the DMN

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8
Q

What area of the brain is engaged for judgements about similar people (ex. Liberals thinking of liberals)?

A

DMN mPFC

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9
Q

What network in the brain lights up when thinking of dissimilar others (ex. Liberals thinking of conservatives)?

A

Control DMPFC

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10
Q

What are mental states?

A

Beliefs, feelings, desires, intentions, knowledge

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11
Q

What is the theory of mind?

A

The ability to understand and take into account other individual’s mental state or of “mind-reading”

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12
Q

What area of the brain is involved in the theory of mind?

A

TPJ

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13
Q

What is the Sally-Anne Theory of Mind task?

A

Sally puts a marble in a bucket, sally leaves, Anne transfers the marble to a drawer, sally reenters, sally will look in the bucket for the marble

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14
Q

How do you non-human primates display ToM?

A

They understand other’s false beliefs & other’s goals, shown by the experiment where the human would expect something to be under a box but it was switched and the primate points it to the right box

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15
Q

What has increased activity in non-human primates during social prediction?

A

Medial Superior temporal sulcus

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16
Q

What does an inhibitory TMS to the right TPJ do?

A

Alters moral judgements

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17
Q

What are symptoms of autism?

A
  • qualitative impairments in social interaction
  • qualitative impairments in communication
  • restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities
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18
Q

What are some neural differences in people with autism?

A
  • RTPJ is not selective for theory of mind judgements
  • In youth, decreased lateralization is correlated with increased ASD severity
  • People with autism have smaller corpus callosums
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19
Q

What is higher in neurotypical men than in men with autism?

A

Fractional anisotropy

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20
Q

What is believed to mediate empathy?

A

Mirror neurons

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21
Q

How does vision of disgust and a disgusting odorant relate?

A

The activation of the brain in the insula overlaps

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22
Q

What does empathy for pain involve?

A

The affective but not sensory components of pain

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23
Q

How does expertise affect empathy?

A

Experts have a much lower reaction to seeing a needle than controls do

24
Q

What is associated with antisocial behavior/psychopathy?

A

Low empathy

25
Q

How much activation is there in the Amygdala and insula in psychopaths when thinking of others’ perspective?

A

Very low or even negative

26
Q

What does orbitofrontal damage lead to?

A

Deficits in social awareness, hypersexuality, rudeness, boring-ness

27
Q

What is TMS FDA approved to treat by quieting certain brain areas?

A
  • MD
  • migraine pain
  • OCD
  • smoking cessation
28
Q

What is Neurofeedback?

A

A technique that allows you to manipulate your own brain signals and you get a feedback signal

29
Q

How is neurofeedback commonly done?

A

With EEG and fMRI

30
Q

What are the ethical problems with neurotech?

A
  • effectiveness (many are Mickey Mouse)
  • safety
  • privacy (should our thoughts be available to everyone?)
  • personhood ( what does it mean to be a person?)
  • distributive justice (who is able to access this tech?)
  • agency (losing agency of life due to neurotech)
  • coercion
31
Q

What are the two domains that have been studied for cognitive enhancement?

A

Memory and cognitive control

32
Q

What are some of the methods for cognitive enhancement?

A
  • pharmacology
  • cognitive training
  • neurofeedback
  • stimulation
33
Q

What do pharmacological enhancements usually modulate?

A

Neurotransmitters

34
Q

What did the halo experiment show?

A

Video game training participants had much better attention

35
Q

What did training with neurofeedback (trying to increase your BOLD signal) do for training cyber defense tasks?

A

Neurofeedback group improved much more

36
Q

What does entorhinal stimulation do to Spatial memory?

A

IMPROVES spatial memory

37
Q

What does hippocampal stimulation do to spatial memory?

A

Nothing for spatial memory

38
Q

We only use 10% of our brains: T or F?

A

F, we use 100% 100% of the time

39
Q

We are either left brained or right brained: T or F?

A

F

40
Q

Listening to music makes you smarter: T or F?

A

F, it doesn’t do anything for stress however it can improve mood and reduce stress, also learning to play an instrument has wide amounts of benefits

41
Q

We learn best when instruction matches our “preferred learning styles”: T or F?

A

F, studies show everyone learns better from visual information

42
Q

It is possible to become fluent in a language even after a “critical period”: T or F?

A

T, younger makes it easier but its still possible for adults to learn a language

43
Q

What do perineural nets do?

A

Prevent connections between neurons, constant brain stimulation can support microglia to remove these

44
Q

What is the nACC critical for?

A

Reward

45
Q

What does stress do to brain cells in the hippocampus?

A

Prevents formation of new brain cells in the hippocampus and reduce their size and reduce learning

46
Q

What does stress do to brain cells in the amygdala?

A

Increase cell size in the amygdala and increases fear

47
Q

What are the impacts of stress on the brain (in short term)?

A
  • impaired emotion regulation (MPFC & amygdala)
  • impaired motivation circuitry (MPFC & VTA)
  • impaired attention network (LPFC and Parietal lobe)
48
Q

What can protect against stress?

A

Meditation, it improves attention, and improves connectivity between many parts of the brain

49
Q

What does sleep loss do when it comes to emotion?

A

Impairs emotional regulation, it increases irritability as it weakens the connections between amygdala and PFC

50
Q

What is sleep important for? Two things

A

Memory and creativity

51
Q

How can you improve your sleep?

A
  • consistent sleep schedule
  • restrict caffeine
  • limit media use at bedtime
  • reduce noise
52
Q

What can exercise do to hippocampal growth?

A

Increases it

53
Q

What thing increases in the brain when you exercise?

A

BDNF (brain derived neutrophic factor)

54
Q

What does regular exercise do for attention in kids?

A

Increases attention

55
Q

What does dopamine boost?

A

Brain plasticity

56
Q

Boosting motivation boosts ___

A

Brain plasticity

Cog Neuro (oh God) (9 decks)

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