Lecture 3

Question 1

bacteria cell about ____ diameter

Answer 1

2 micron

Question 2

why does size matter?

Answer 2

high SA/V ratio so nutr. and waste move efficiently in and out (rapid growth); large # can occupy small space

Question 3

location of gene material?

Answer 3

cytoplasm

Question 4

what cell biochem rxns happen in cytoplasm?

Answer 4

nutr. storage, protein synth, biosynth enzymes

Question 5

significance of cell envelope?

Answer 5

structure, staining rxn, unique chem comps, target of anti-microbe chem, interface cell and enviro (pathogenicity)

Question 6

gram neg. has ____ prptidoglycan, while positive has __

Answer 6

thin (7-8nM); thick (80-100nM)

Question 7

gram ___ has no outer mem

Answer 7

positive

Question 8

function of plasma membrane? (inner)

Answer 8

permeability barrier, metabolic proteins (energy, biosynth, transport)

Question 9

peptidoglycan consist of :

Answer 9

2 CHO units and four amino acids–?linked to make chains, which join to make mesh

Question 10

purpose of PG?

Answer 10

structure, strength, rigidity, protect

Question 11

PG broken by:

Answer 11

lysozyme

Question 12

how lysozyme cleave?

Answer 12

cleave bond tween NAG and NAM

Question 13

lysozyme found in human ____ for what reason?

Answer 13

secretory fluids; innate defense

Question 14

what drug interfere with bacteria able form PG?

Answer 14

penicillin

Question 15

gram rxn due to:

Answer 15

thickness of PG

Question 16

what’s in outer mem (gram neg)

Answer 16

phospholipid bilayer, lipopolysaccharide

Question 17

what is point of LPS?

Answer 17

protective

Question 18

structure of LPS?

Answer 18

3-part lipid and CHO, partly buried in OM via lipd A group

Question 19

LPS also known as ___

Answer 19

endotoxin (important in disease)

Question 20

what is a pyrogenic agent?

Answer 20

anything induce fever (like LPS )

Question 21

how come mycobacterium tuberculosis is weird?

Answer 21

envelope has inner mem+PG+mycolic acid outer layer

Question 22

what is mycolic acid?

Answer 22

long chain waxy f.a. , resistant to lots of stuff

Question 23

why is mycoplasma weird?

Answer 23

no outer mem or PG (just single phospholipid mem containing sterols for stability)–>very fragile, no consistent shape

Question 24

what does mycoplasma pneumonia cause?

Answer 24

atypical/walking pneumonia (long term)

Question 25

pili also called:

Answer 25

fimbriae

Question 26

point of pili?

Answer 26

attachment to other cells

Question 27

2 types pili:

Answer 27

sex, common (disease)

Question 28

example bacteria with common pili?

Answer 28

neisseria gonorrhoeae (attach to tissue cells in lumen of urethra)

Question 29

capsule helps with:

Answer 29

protection (starvation, disinfectants, immune sys), attachment (biofilms)

Question 30

single species biofilm mostly in ____

Answer 30

human infection

Question 31

probs of biofilms?

Answer 31

accelerate corrosion, prevent flow in pipes; contamination of surfaces; difficult remove; start at other body sites after release; implanted med devices ; tooth surfaces (plaque)

Question 32

about ___% bacterial infect involve biofilm

Answer 32

60

Question 33

mostly gram __ form spores

Answer 33

positive

Question 34

why is spore so tough?

Answer 34

modified PG

Question 35

spores not killed by:

Answer 35

pasteurization, boiling, some germicides