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MCIM > 17 Innate immunity > Flashcards

17 Innate immunity Flashcards

1
Q

acquired immunity characterized by:

A

discrimination, diversity, memory

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2
Q

2 components of acquired?

A

humoural and cell-mediated

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3
Q

what is humoural?

A

produce Ab by beta cells (made in bone marrow) in response to antigen

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4
Q

what is cell mediated?

A

activation of T cells (develop in thymus) for control of intracell microbes

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5
Q

main cells of acquired?

A

dendritic, T helper, T cytotoxic, B

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6
Q

another name for Ab?

A

immunoglobulins

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7
Q

if antigen too big, only an ____ (small portion of it) can stim production of Ab

A

epitope

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8
Q

single Ab has __ polypep chains and __ ends

A

4; 2 (constant and variable0

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9
Q

Ig has __ antigen binding sites

A

2

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10
Q

when Bcell encounters its antigen, triggered to divide into:

A

Ab-producing plasma cells or memory cells

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11
Q

what is clonal deletion theory?

A

“self tolerance”: during embryonic development, set of B cells against alll possible antigens produced–>when developing B cell encounter self antigen, binding of self antigen causes B cell to die–>only Bcells carrying receptors for non-self antigens released from bone marrow and enter circ.

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12
Q

main antibody of circulation, able to cross placenta

A

IgG

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13
Q

found in secretions and blocks attachment of microbes to mucosal tissue surfaces

A

IgA

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14
Q

forms large complexes with antigen which are easily cleared

A

IgM

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15
Q

involved in development of allergies

A

IgE

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16
Q

function is unclear for this Ig

A

IgD

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17
Q

first time exposure leads to production of first ___ then ____

A

IgM, IgG

18
Q

second exposure gives stronger and faster ___ response

A

IgG

19
Q

what does Ab-antigen binding accomplish?

A

interacts with parts of innate immunity, opsonization, neutralization, agglutination

20
Q

what is agglutination?

A

clumping of antigen+Ab (larger clumps better filtered out and phagocytosed)

21
Q

what does it mean to have Type A blood?

A

have Type A antigen in RBC, plasma has anti-B antibodies

22
Q

what does it mean to have AB blood?

A

both types of antigen but no antibodies

23
Q

what does it mean to have O blood?

A

both antibodies but no antigen

24
Q

2 types lab production of Ab?

A

polyclonal, monoclonal

25
Q

what is polyclonal Ab?

A

purify antigen–>inject in mammal which will recognize as foreign–>inject w/ second booster dose of antigen–>withdraw serum containing Ig (which is antiserum that will contain diff Ig for each epitope)

26
Q

what is monoclonal Ab?

A

inject antigen into mouse to gen. Ig-producing plasma cells –> remove plasma cells and fuse with immortal tumor cells (hybridoma) –>isolate/regrow each hybridoma to find which one is making Ig to antigen of interest

27
Q

pharmaceuticals that are monoclonal antibodies are usually notated with ___

A

“…mab”

28
Q

purpose of CMI?

A

eliminate human cells infected w/ microbe, eliminate self cells which have become threat, regulate function of cells involved in innate immunity/humoural immunity

29
Q

CMI mediated by ___

A

T cells (T lymphocytes)

30
Q

both helper and cytotoxic released from thymus in ___ staet

A

inactive

31
Q

contact of receptor and antigen triggers TH or TC to divide into:

A

functional or memory

32
Q

fxn of helper T cell

A

secrete cytokines that help other immune cells work better (^ phagocytic activity, stim. develop of B cells)

33
Q

fxn of cytotoxic T cell

A

attach to target antigen and release toxin containing granules to kill–>recycled for future use

34
Q

aquired immune sys is :

A

inducible, discriminates, remembers, adaptive

35
Q

how diff parts of imm. sys. communicate?

A

cytokines (regulate intensity and duration of response, regulate proper development of immune sys)

36
Q

4 main families of cytokines

A

chemokines, hematopoietins, IL, TNF

37
Q

what do chemokines do?

A

attract phagocytes, regulate inflammatory response

38
Q

what do hematopoietins (colony stim factors) do?

A

stim and regulate blood cell formation

39
Q

what does IL do?

A

regulate G and D of lymphocytes, endogenous pyrogen, other effects

40
Q

what does TNF do?

A

promote inflammation/fever, stim immune sys, help regulate production of other cytokines/GF

41
Q

significance of cytokines in health?

A

1) disease potential if balance upset (high lvls in cancer, low lvl chronic stim in TB causing wt loss, cytokine storm in some infections causing blood clotting and organ damage)
2) therapeutic potential (drugs like IL-2 for renal cancer, Humira for Ab against TNF and for reducing inflammation)

42
Q

most important info must know about HUMIRA?

A

test for TB before starting

MCIM (24 decks)

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