17 Innate immunity

Question 1

acquired immunity characterized by:

Answer 1

discrimination, diversity, memory

Question 2

2 components of acquired?

Answer 2

humoural and cell-mediated

Question 3

what is humoural?

Answer 3

produce Ab by beta cells (made in bone marrow) in response to antigen

Question 4

what is cell mediated?

Answer 4

activation of T cells (develop in thymus) for control of intracell microbes

Question 5

main cells of acquired?

Answer 5

dendritic, T helper, T cytotoxic, B

Question 6

another name for Ab?

Answer 6

immunoglobulins

Question 7

if antigen too big, only an ____ (small portion of it) can stim production of Ab

Answer 7

epitope

Question 8

single Ab has __ polypep chains and __ ends

Answer 8

4; 2 (constant and variable0

Question 9

Ig has __ antigen binding sites

Answer 9

2

Question 10

when Bcell encounters its antigen, triggered to divide into:

Answer 10

Ab-producing plasma cells or memory cells

Question 11

what is clonal deletion theory?

Answer 11

“self tolerance”: during embryonic development, set of B cells against alll possible antigens produced–>when developing B cell encounter self antigen, binding of self antigen causes B cell to die–>only Bcells carrying receptors for non-self antigens released from bone marrow and enter circ.

Question 12

main antibody of circulation, able to cross placenta

Answer 12

IgG

Question 13

found in secretions and blocks attachment of microbes to mucosal tissue surfaces

Answer 13

IgA

Question 14

forms large complexes with antigen which are easily cleared

Answer 14

IgM

Question 15

involved in development of allergies

Answer 15

IgE

Question 16

function is unclear for this Ig

Answer 16

IgD

Question 17

first time exposure leads to production of first ___ then ____

Answer 17

IgM, IgG

Question 18

second exposure gives stronger and faster ___ response

Answer 18

IgG

Question 19

what does Ab-antigen binding accomplish?

Answer 19

interacts with parts of innate immunity, opsonization, neutralization, agglutination

Question 20

what is agglutination?

Answer 20

clumping of antigen+Ab (larger clumps better filtered out and phagocytosed)

Question 21

what does it mean to have Type A blood?

Answer 21

have Type A antigen in RBC, plasma has anti-B antibodies

Question 22

what does it mean to have AB blood?

Answer 22

both types of antigen but no antibodies

Question 23

what does it mean to have O blood?

Answer 23

both antibodies but no antigen

Question 24

2 types lab production of Ab?

Answer 24

polyclonal, monoclonal

Question 25

what is polyclonal Ab?

Answer 25

purify antigen-->inject in mammal which will recognize as foreign-->inject w/ second booster dose of antigen-->withdraw serum containing Ig (which is antiserum that will contain diff Ig for each epitope)

Question 26

what is monoclonal Ab?

Answer 26

inject antigen into mouse to gen. Ig-producing plasma cells --> remove plasma cells and fuse with immortal tumor cells (hybridoma) -->isolate/regrow each hybridoma to find which one is making Ig to antigen of interest

Question 27

pharmaceuticals that are monoclonal antibodies are usually notated with ___

Answer 27

"...mab"

Question 28

purpose of CMI?

Answer 28

eliminate human cells infected w/ microbe, eliminate self cells which have become threat, regulate function of cells involved in innate immunity/humoural immunity

Question 29

CMI mediated by ___

Answer 29

T cells (T lymphocytes)

Question 30

both helper and cytotoxic released from thymus in ___ staet

Answer 30

inactive

Question 31

contact of receptor and antigen triggers TH or TC to divide into:

Answer 31

functional or memory

Question 32

fxn of helper T cell

Answer 32

secrete cytokines that help other immune cells work better (^ phagocytic activity, stim. develop of B cells)

Question 33

fxn of cytotoxic T cell

Answer 33

attach to target antigen and release toxin containing granules to kill-->recycled for future use

Question 34

aquired immune sys is :

Answer 34

inducible, discriminates, remembers, adaptive

Question 35

how diff parts of imm. sys. communicate?

Answer 35

cytokines (regulate intensity and duration of response, regulate proper development of immune sys)

Question 36

4 main families of cytokines

Answer 36

chemokines, hematopoietins, IL, TNF

Question 37

what do chemokines do?

Answer 37

attract phagocytes, regulate inflammatory response

Question 38

what do hematopoietins (colony stim factors) do?

Answer 38

stim and regulate blood cell formation

Question 39

what does IL do?

Answer 39

regulate G and D of lymphocytes, endogenous pyrogen, other effects

Question 40

what does TNF do?

Answer 40

promote inflammation/fever, stim immune sys, help regulate production of other cytokines/GF

Question 41

significance of cytokines in health?

Answer 41

1) disease potential if balance upset (high lvls in cancer, low lvl chronic stim in TB causing wt loss, cytokine storm in some infections causing blood clotting and organ damage) 2) therapeutic potential (drugs like IL-2 for renal cancer, Humira for Ab against TNF and for reducing inflammation)

Question 42

most important info must know about HUMIRA?

Answer 42

test for TB before starting