Lecture 11-representative viral disease

Question 1

__% human gastroenteritis due to virus

Answer 1

70

Question 2

4 types of enteric viruses responsible most cases disease:

Answer 2

rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, caliciviruses

Question 3

common features of enteric:

Answer 3

mainly fecal oral transmit, similar clinical pic in patient, self limiting/nausea/vomit/diarrhea, etc.

Question 4

naked RNA virus that was identified in Norwalk Ohio

Answer 4

Norovirus

Question 5

most norovirus in ___

Answer 5

longterm care facilities in winter

Question 6

what is outbreak?

Answer 6

> 2 cases linked by common exposure or location over specific time period

Question 7

mech of norovirus

Answer 7

virus attach/enter/replicate, lytic infection cycle destroys host cells, retransmit, localized damage to gut epithelium (symptoms), self limiting

Question 8

typical clinical features of norvirus

Answer 8

2-3 day incubation, 1-5 days watery diarrhea, severe dehydration, continue shed virus for 2 wks after symptoms gone

Question 9

supportive therapy for noro?

Answer 9

fluid replacement, OTC oral rehydration salts

Question 10

what are neurotropic viruses?

Answer 10

able infect nerve cells

Question 11

what is encephalitis?

Answer 11

brain inflammation

Question 12

what is meningitis?

Answer 12

inflammation of protective covering of brain

Question 13

what is poliomyelitis?

Answer 13

destruction of motor neurons in brain/spine

Question 14

small enveloped RNA virus example of vector-borne (insect)

Answer 14

west nile virus

Question 15

what is WNV transmission cycle?

Answer 15

natural host is birds–>transmit to each other thru mosquito–>humans and animals are incidental hosts–>can’t transmit to other humans and can’t spread thru contact with birds

Question 16

how transfer WNV to human to human?

Answer 16

organ transplants, blood transfusion, mother/child in birth

Question 17

___% WNV infection no symptoms, <1% develop ___,

Answer 17

80; severe encephalitis

Question 18

zika transmitted by ____ mosquitoes, increases risk for ___ in newborns

Answer 18

aedes; microcephaly

Question 19

viruses that infect various organs/cells but presence routinely seen in bloodstream

Answer 19

blood-borne viruses

Question 20

biggest worry as healthcare provider for Hep __-

Answer 20

B (1/3 risk infection when direct contact )

Question 21

hep c responsible for ___% of liver transplants

Answer 21

40

Question 22

enveloped rna virus with small 10 gene genome, 7 diff genotypes, rapid replicating

Answer 22

hep c

Question 23

how are hep c genomes diff?

Answer 23

non structural genes

Question 24

65% of new cases transmit HCV is cuz ___

Answer 24

IV drug use with shared needles

Question 25

acute infection of HCV has symptoms appear in ___ weeks in ___% of ppl

Answer 25

7-8; 30

Question 26

__% of acutely infected ppl progress to chronic infection

Answer 26

80

Question 27

when diagnose HCV via blood test, look for:

Answer 27

antibodies against HCV, HCV nucleic acid by PCR

Question 28

prob of interferon?

Answer 28

need lots of dosing, lots of side effects, long treatment times, cost a lot, only 35-50% response rate

Question 29

new HCV antivirals?

Answer 29

Harvoni (block viral replication)

Question 30

probs of harvoni?

Answer 30

super expensive

Question 31

what is cure defined as?

Answer 31

no virus detected after min. 24 wks after

Question 32

success rate for cure depend on:

Answer 32

health, genotype of virus, patient compliance

Question 33

why HCV known as silent epidemic?

Answer 33

lack of obvious symptoms in nmost people, risk of long term liver damage even without prior obvious symptoms

Question 34

encourage test for HCV in ___ yr old

Answer 34

50-70