Lecture 3

Question 1

Where do Follicular Dendritic Cells reside?

Answer 1

Lymphoid follicles of LN, spleen, and mucosal lymphoid

Question 2

How is inflammation triggered?

Answer 2

Recognition of microbes and dead tissues in innate immune responses

Inflammatory response delivers the cells and molecules.

Question 3

What is the trafficking of circulating leukocytes?

Answer 3

Tethering=transient interactions of selectins and integrins w ligand

Rolling=allows chemokine receptors on leukocytes to bind chemokines on endothelium

Adhesion and stop= activated by binding

Transmigration in tissue= down [c] gradient

Question 4

How are Endothelial cells activated?

Answer 4

By cytokines of resident immune cells at sites of infection and injury.

Express adhesion molecules

Question 5

Where are the chemokine receptors and where are the chemokines?

Answer 5

Receptors are on the leukocytes and chemokines are on endothelial cells.

Question 6

P-selectins and ligand?

Answer 6

CD62P

Endothelium activated by histamine or thrombin

Sialyl Lewis X on PSGL-1 and other glycoprotiens, neutrophils, monocytes, and T-Cells

Question 7

E-selectins and ligand?

Answer 7

CD62E

Endothelium activated by cytokines TNF, IL1

Sialyl Lewis X CLA-1 on glycoproteins, neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells

Question 8

L-selectins and ligand?

Answer 8

CD62L

Neutrophils, monocytes, T cells, B cells

Sialyl Lewis X PNAd on Gly CAM-1
CD34, MadCAM-1, and HEV

Question 9

Integrin activation also called what?

Answer 9

Inside-out signaling

Question 10

What are the 4 families of chemokines and how are they classified?

Answer 10

CC or Beta chemokines 2 cysteines are adjacent

CXC or alpha chemokines cystein residues are separated by one amino acid

C there is a single cysteine

CX3, 2 cysteines are separated by 3 amino acids

Question 11

What are the 4 Integrins

Answer 11

LFA-1 (CD11aCD18)

Mac-1 (CD11bCD18)

VLA-4 (CD49aCD29)

Alpha4 Beta7 (CD49dDC29)

Question 12

Distribution of LFA-1 and ligand?

Answer 12

Neutrophils, monocytes, T cells, B cells

ICAM-1 (CD54)

ICAM-2 (CD102)

Question 13

Distribution of Mac-1 and ligand?

Answer 13

Neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells

ICAM-1 (CD54) ICAM-2 (CD102)

Question 14

What is the distribution of VLA-4 and what is it ligand?

Answer 14

Monocytes, T-Cells

VCAM-1 (CD1060

Question 15

What is the distribution of alpha4 Beta7 and what is it ligand?

Answer 15

Monocytes, T cells, (gut)
B cells (gut)

VCAM-1 (CD106)

MadCAM-1

Endothelium in gut and gut associated lymphoid tissues.

Question 16

How do Neutrophils and Monocytes enter tissues from circulation?

Answer 16

By the post-capillary venules

Except parenchymal tissues

Liver, Lungs, Kidney all enter through capillaries

Question 17

Where do T cells accumulate in the LN

Answer 17

Parafollicular cortex