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Immunology/LM Unit I > Lecture 1/2 > Flashcards

Lecture 1/2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define epitope.

A

Antigenic determinant

Portion of an Ag molecule to which antibody (Ab) bind.

Smallest 3-6 AA or 5-6 sugars

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2
Q

What to do T cell receptors see?

A

Linear amino acid sequences.

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3
Q

What does innate immunity react to?

A

Microbes and products of injuries cells

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4
Q

What are the principal components of innate immunity?

A

Physical and chemical barriers

Phagocytic cells= neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells

Blood proteins= complement system, acute phase proteins, cytokines, chemokines

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5
Q

What are chemokines involved in?

A

Establishing a [c] gradient upon release from cells acting as a chemical attractant

Chemotaixis for other players in immune response

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6
Q

What are the components of adaptive immunity?

A

Lymphocytes in epithelial tissue; antibodies secreted at epithelial surfaces

Blood proteins= antibodies and cytokines

Cell= B and T lymphocytes

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7
Q

Define cytokines and explain their role in communication of the immune system.

A

A large group of small secreted proteins w diverse structures and functions. They regulate and coordinate cells of the innate and adaptive immunity.

Regulate growth and differentiation

Activate effector functions of lymphocytes and phagocytes

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8
Q

What are the functional response of phages?

A

Recruitment

Recognition

Ingestion

Destruction

Also express/secrete cytokines for more promotion or regulation.

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9
Q

How are neutrophils stimulated?

A

Cytokine called granulocyte colony-stimulate factor (G-CSF)

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10
Q

Explain the importance of Mast cell location.

A

Found in close proximity to blood vessels. They regulate vascular permeability and effector-cell recruitment.

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11
Q

What stimulates the mononuclear phagocyte system?

A

Monoctye/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)

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12
Q

What are the functions of Macrophages?

A

Homeostatic functions such as clearance cellular debris and iron processing

Surveillance

Respond to infection

Resolution of inflammation

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13
Q

What is the Clonal Selection Hypothesis?

A

Ag-specific clones of lymphocytes develop before and independent of exposure to AG

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14
Q

What are the phase of adaptive immune response?

A

Recognition

Lymphocyte Activation

Antigen elimination

Contraction (homeostasis)= recovery from one response to go to another.
Apoptosis

Memory

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15
Q

What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

A

Active immunity is with the person and has memory/learning.

Passive immunity is from the serum antibodies of an immune person and does not convey memory.

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16
Q

What are the classes of Lymphoytes?

A

B cells

T helper cells

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Regulatory T cells/Supressor T cells

17
Q

Can noninfectious foreign substances cause and immune response?

A

Yes

They are still called antigens (Ags)

18
Q

What does CD stand for?

A

Cluster of differentiation defined subset of cellular surface receptors that I.D. Cells type and stage of differentiation.

19
Q

Where do T-cells develop?

A

Medulla of the Thymus

20
Q

What are the cytokines involved in T-cell development?

A

IL1

IL2

IL6

IL7

21
Q

What other organ is involved with B-cell development?

A

Fetal liver then to bone marrow.

22
Q

What are the cytokines involved in B cell development?

A

IL1

IL6

IL7

Involved contact with stromal cells

23
Q

How do lymphocytes enter 2nd lymphoid organs?

A

High Endothelium Venules (HEV)

Specialized endothelium of postcapillary venules

Involve cell adhesion molecules.

Movement through diapedesis

Renter circulation via efferent lymph vessels via thoracic duct

24
Q

Where do Ag-activated B-cells proliferate?

A

Germinal centers

25
Q

What is a plasma cell?

A

Terminally differentiated B cells which produce large amount of Abs.

26
Q

What do Ag-activated B-cells primarily produce Abs against in the spleen?

A

LPS

If spleen removed infection potential is increased via micro with a capsule?

27
Q

What is the PALS?

A

Periarteriolar lymphoid health.

28
Q

What are Plasmacytoid DC’s?

A

Early cellular responders to viral infection

See Nucleic acids of intracellular viruses and produce soluble type I interferons= IFN alpha/beta

29
Q

Follicular Dendritic Cells (FDCs)?

A

For B cells only

Immunology/LM Unit I (12 decks)

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