Lecture 3

Question 1

noncovalent interaction between two molecules that are so close together that they can experience weak attractive forces

Answer 1

van der Waals

Question 2

macromolecules formed by polymerization

Answer 2

polypeptides, polynucleotides, and polysaccharides

Question 3

matter is made of combinations of – such as hydrogen, oxygen, or carbon

Answer 3

elements

Question 4

– is the smallest particle of an element

Answer 4

atom

Question 5

atoms are linked together in groups to form –

Answer 5

molecules

Question 6

all the characteristics of a cell depend on the – it contains

Answer 6

molecules

Question 7

electrons – to balance out the positively charged nucleus

Answer 7

move around

Question 8

A – is X grams of a substance, where X is its relative molecular mass

Answer 8

mole

Question 9

a mole will contain – molecules of the substance

Answer 9

6 x 10^23

Question 10

– have a concentration of 1 mole of the substance in 1 liter of solution

Answer 10

molar solutions

Question 11

– constitute 99% of goal atoms in the human body

Answer 11

C, H, O, N

Question 12

the – determine how atoms interact

Answer 12

outermost electrons

Question 13

in order for an atom to be – its outermost shell must be filled in

Answer 13

stable

Question 14

how strong an electron’s attraction is to a nucleus

Answer 14

electronegativity

Question 15

EN > 1.7

Answer 15

ionic bond

Question 16

sharing of electrons

Answer 16

covalent bond

Question 17

transfer of electrons

Answer 17

ionic bond

Question 18

covalent bonds are much – then noncovalent interactions

Answer 18

stronger and more stable

Question 19

pi bonds cannot –

Answer 19

rotate

Question 20

EN

Answer 20

nonpolar

Question 21

Covalent bonds have – bond length than noncovalent bonds

Answer 21

shorter

Question 22

iconic bonds not as strong in living things as they are in a –

Answer 22

vacuum

Question 23

Van der Waals interactions are caused by –

Answer 23

transient dipoles

Question 24

hydrogen bond is the interaction of a partially positively charged H atom in a molecular dipole with an unpaired – from another atom

Answer 24

N, O, and (F)

highly electronegative atoms

Question 25

hydrophobic force is caused by pushing of – out of water

Answer 25

nonpolar surfaces

Question 26

a macromolecule is folded into its preferred stable conformation by –

Answer 26

noncovalent interactions

Question 27

cell is – water and – chemicals

Answer 27

70% and 30%

Question 28

of the chemicals of the cell inorganic ions make up

Answer 28

1%

Question 29

energetically unfavorable – releases water to make molecules

Answer 29

condensation

Question 30

energetically favorable – requires water to break molecules

Answer 30

hydrolysis

Question 31

phospholipids are –

Answer 31

amphipathtic

Question 32

saturated fatty acids

Answer 32

single bonds

Question 33

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 33

double bonds

Question 34

properties of fats depend on their –

Answer 34

fatty acid side chains

Question 35

purines

Answer 35

A, G (2 rings)

Question 36

pyrimidines

Answer 36

U, T, C (1 ring)

Question 37

water properties

Answer 37

• solid less dense (ordered crystal though H bonds that spaces molecules farther apart)
• great solvent
• surface tension
• cohesion/adhesion
• high heat capacity

Question 38

water molecules are continuously exchanging protons with each other to form

Answer 38

hydronium ion and hydroxyl ion

Question 39

donate protons

Answer 39

acid

Question 40

accept protons

Answer 40

base