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Second Year - Biomedical Sciences BS22001 > Lecture 29 - Overview > Flashcards

Lecture 29 - Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What effect does exercise have on homeostasis

A

It initially disrupts it and often requires prolonged coordination of most body systems

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2
Q

During exercise what happens to the heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure

A

The heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and systolic pressure all increase and the diastolic pressure decreases

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3
Q

Values of heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure at rest

A 
Heart rate - 70bmp
Stroke volume - ~70ml
Cardiac output -5l/min
Systolic pressure - 120mmHg
Diastolic pressure - 80mmHg
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4
Q

Values for heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure during exercise

A 
Heart rate - 200bmp
Stroke volume - ~130ml
Cardiac output - 25l/min
Systolic pressure - 180mmHg
Diastolic pressure - 70mmHg
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5
Q

During exercise what does CO increase in proportion to

A

Workload

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6
Q

What is the control of the heart rate coordinated by

A

The cardiovascular control centre

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7
Q

Where is the cardiovascular control centre found

A

In the brain stem

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8
Q

What is the immediate response to exercise

A

The HR increases to deliver more oxygenated blood to the exercising muscles

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9
Q

What is the long term adaption to exercise

A

Increased strength and efficiency of the heart

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10
Q

What is SV controlled by

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic control mechanisms

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11
Q

What are the intrinsic control methods involved in SV

A

Muscular contractions compressing the veins and venoconstriction

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12
Q

What are the extrinsic controls involved in SV

A

Sympathetic stimulation and adrenaline

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13
Q

What effects do working muscles have on the local environments

A

Local Po2 falls, local Pco2 increases, local H+ concentration rises (pH falls) and muscle temperature rises

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14
Q

When local Po2 falls, local Pco2 increases, local H+ concentration rises (pH falls) and muscle temperature rises what happens

A

Metabolic hyperaemia

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15
Q

What is blood pressure proportional to

A

TPR

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16
Q

To meet the metabolic demands of skeletal muscle there is

A

A large drop in TPR brought about by vasodilation of arterioles supplying the working muscle

17
Q

What effect does decreased TPR have on diastolic pressure

A

It causes diastolic pressure to drop

18
Q

What is produced in severe exercise

A

Lactic acid

19
Q

What are the values for ventilation, VO2 and VCO2 at rest

A

Ventilation - ~6l/min
VO2 - ~0.25l/min
VCO2 - ~0.20l/min

20
Q

What are the values for ventilation, VO2 and VCO2 during exercise

A

Ventilation - ~120l/min
VO2 - ~3.5l/min (5 in trained athletes)
VCO2 - 4+

21
Q

What does H+ stimulate and what does this cause

A

H+ stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors and ventilation is excessively stimulated

22
Q

What is the O2 deficit

A

The difference between the oxygen uptake of the body during early stages of exercise and during a similar duration of steady state of exercise

23
Q

What is the O2 debt

A

The amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue to oxidise lactic acid and replenish depleted ATP and phosphocreatine following vigorous exercise

24
Q

What factors may increase ventilation during exercise

A

Reflexes originating from body movements, increased body temeperature, adrenaline being released and impulses from the cerebral cortex

25
Q

What is a predictor of a persons work capacity

A

The determination of maximal O2 consumption

26
Q

How can VO2 max be determined

A

Through exercise on a bike/treadmill where the workload is progressively increased until exhaustion and the expired air is collected during the last minutes and the %O2, %CO2 and volume of air are measured

27
Q

What effect does regular exercise have on VO2 max

A

It will improve it

28
Q

What classifications of a persons V02 max are there

A

Low, fair, average, good or excellent

29
Q

During exercise what does the increase in surface area for gas exchange allow

A

An enhance rate of gas transfer

30
Q

What do increased CO and an increased pulmonary BP do

A

They force open previously closed capillaries

Second Year - Biomedical Sciences BS22001 (28 decks)

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